joining the ranks of the 106, 428–30, 434
local 116, 307
number of 105
rights/privileges of 79, 113, 117, 121, 211,
360, 375, 427–9, 432– 4
role/responsibilities of 214, 280, 304,
311, 429
undermining of 311–13, 352
nobility (non-Russian), the
Catholic 122
German 118, 120, 384, 403, 430, 459;
see alsoBaltic German Junkers
imperial 115
Polish 113, 122–3, 430, 435, 440, 452, 459
Nobles Bank 325, 431
Nogais, the 11, 46, 57–60, 67, 69–72, 93, 98,
105, 211, 307, 336, 369, 397
nomads and nomadism 4, 11, 13, 25, 34, 45,
51, 57, 63, 65–7, 69–70, 90, 94,
114, 231, 335–6, 339, 369, 371,
454, 457
Noonan, Thomas 41
North America 9, 23, 26, 425
natives of 58
Norway 26
Novgorod 9, 13, 27–8, 42–4, 46–8, 50, 53,
132, 138, 142, 153, 161–2, 165,
177, 180–2, 188, 191, 193, 197–9,
202 – 3, 213, 222, 228, 236–7, 240,
249 – 50, 254, 311, 323, 361, 431
Archbishopric of 50, 132, 244, 255– 6
Church of the Transformation 47
hinterland of 60
Khutinskii Monastery 143
Muscovy in conflict with 56–7, 199
Sofiia Cathedral 43
Novgorod Seversk 13–14, 51, 111
Novikov, Nikolai 397, 438–9, 445
Novocherkassk 407
Novorossiia (New Russia) 101, 105, 113–14,
123, 307–8, 310, 331, 336, 338,
341, 357–9, 363–4, 369, 434, 459
Nur Sultan (Kazan) 51
Nyrob
Church of St. Nicholas 145
Nystadt, Treaty of 15, 116, 403
Ob River 25, 51, 60, 65, 236
Obdorsk 60, 62
Oberpolitsmeister 387
oblasti86, 310, 349
obrok seeQuitrent
Ochakov 34, 105, 114, 276
Odessa 84, 109, 324, 343
odnodvortsy89, 91, 97, 103, 163, 219–20, 297,
328, 336, 359–60, 363, 371
offices 111, 216, 308, 311, 388, 430, 433
farming out of 177
holding of 108, 433
officials 229, 313, 334, 376, 382, 385,
429 – 30, 460
Oka River 13, 45, 51, 67, 397
Okhotsk 62– 3
okol’nichii 210 – 11
Old Belief 37, 65, 71–2, 86, 95–8, 114, 120,
130, 217, 230, 254–8, 260, 331,
336, 357, 370, 397–8, 406–10,
414, 416–20, 425, 428, 452;see
alsoAvvakumandIvan Neronov
andLogginandPomorians (Old
Believers)andreligionand
toleration, religiousand
Theodosians (Old Believers)and
Vyg (Old Believer community)
Olearius, Adam 171, 179, 193, 237, 258, 392
Oleg, Prince 43
Olonets 191, 320, 323, 407
Omsk 88
Omskoblast 96
O’Neill, Kelly 115–16, 292
Oprichnina, the 10, 13, 27, 52, 148–9, 153–4,
162, 166, 200, 223
“Orders”(ceremonial) 271, 273, 442
Order of St. Catherine 440
Ordin Nashchokin, A. L. 212
Orel 24, 103, 219, 357, 360
Orenburg 88–92, 95, 98, 308, 323, 338,
399, 401
Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Authority 115, 408;
see alsoIslam
Orlov, Aleksei 276
Oskol 182
Oskol River 68
Osman dynasty 32, 34, 48, 136, 156, 458
Ossetians 97– 8
Ostankino 388
Ostiaks/Khanty 29, 42, 60, 64, 398, 402
Ottoman empire, the 2–3, 5, 8, 14, 17–18, 30,
34, 36–8, 50, 67, 81, 98, 100, 105,
114, 124, 130–1, 136, 146, 148,
166, 176–8, 188, 192–4, 222, 232,
235, 271, 297, 314, 321, 326, 338,
344 – 5, 384, 397, 452, 458, 460– 1
population of 31, 359
Russia in conflict with 12, 14–17, 35, 57, 84,
97, 103, 107–8, 112, 116, 275,
296, 316, 324
Oztroszky, Prince Konstantyn 421
Pacific Ocean 1, 5, 9, 13, 21, 63, 81, 84, 402,
451, 460
Paert, Irina 419
paganism 72, 255, 258–9, 419
pagans 45, 262, 398
Pallas, Peter Simon 337, 452
Pallot, Judith 383
Pale of Settlement 124, 406
Paleologa, Sofiia 12, 48, 149, 203Index 483