Palermo 31, 235
Pamir Mountains, the 21
Paris 31, 235, 377, 428, 446
Parkinson, John 390
passportsseetravel/transport, documents
patriarchy 228–9, 420
Patrikeevs, Princes, the 149, 210– 11
patriotism 396, 440
patronage 110, 134, 142, 144, 275, 277, 305,
312, 376, 429, 438, 442, 461
Paul I (Emperor) 11, 120, 124–5, 283–4,
312 – 14, 318, 352, 362, 370, 419,
424, 440, 442
actions of 121, 327, 332–3, 342, 363, 378,
387, 403, 405, 425, 434, 460
decree of 1798 313
Pavlovsk 275, 298
peace 14, 32
Pearl River (China) 32
peasants 9–10, 46, 64, 72, 80, 105, 108, 114,
119, 163–4, 187, 199, 202, 208,
210, 214, 222–31, 233, 238–40,
259, 297, 300, 305, 308–9,
311 – 12, 320, 326–7, 329, 332,
344, 349, 355–6, 358, 361–5,
367 – 76, 378, 381–3, 398, 403,
414 – 15, 435, 452; see alsobobyli
activities of 188, 230, 233–4, 307, 392
beliefs of 74
“black” 222 – 3, 362
church 112, 163, 201–2, 208,
363, 414
court 367
crown 223
East Slavic 33, 41–2, 51, 53, 56, 63, 65, 69,
80, 86, 92–3, 97, 109, 120, 122,
223 – 4, 228, 231, 233, 235, 298–9,
357
Belarus’an 299
Russian 91, 166, 358, 369
Ruthenian 77, 91, 358, 369
Ukrainian 91, 93, 96–7, 105, 109, 226,
356 – 8
economic 367, 414
enserfment of 79, 367–8;see alsoenserfment
Estonian 118–19, 359, 403
Finnish 120
flight of 68–9, 113
free 362– 3
Latvian 118, 121, 359, 403
Livonian 120
movement of 28, 32, 52, 69, 97, 103, 105–6,
109, 122, 163–4, 166–7, 222, 226,
229, 231, 362, 364, 386;see also
migration of peoples
ownership of 305
plight of 108, 120, 200, 217–18, 222–4,
227 – 8, 230, 233, 299, 328, 345,
361, 363, 365–6, 368, 370
state 67–8, 88, 92, 112–13, 120, 208, 223,
229, 231, 242, 309, 328, 330–1,
335 – 6, 345, 355, 357, 360, 362–4,
379, 392, 414, 459
treatment of 75, 122, 169, 224, 229,
299, 328
Pechora River 51
Penner, Georg Caspar von 440
Penza 24, 323, 371
Perdue, Peter 72, 178
Perekop 34, 166
Pereiaslav 45, 76, 165
College 110
Pereiaslav, Treaty of 78
Pereiaslavl’, Lake 296
Pereiaslavl’-Riazanskii 28
Pereiaslavl’-Zalesskii 28, 162
monastery at 142– 3
Peremyshl 106
periphery, the 307
Perm lands 47, 50–1, 60, 64, 144–5, 170,
320, 357
Perry, John 342
Persepolis 141
Persia 12, 16, 32, 35–6, 50, 67, 84, 105, 136,
188, 192–4, 197, 241, 439
Persian Gulf 36
Perun (god) 259
Peter (Metropolitan) 249
Peter I (Emperor) 6, 11, 72, 110, 119, 139, 143,
151, 153–5, 179, 204, 212, 220,
242, 253, 268–9, 271, 275,
277 – 81, 283, 289, 292–4, 299,
303, 308, 311, 316, 328, 332, 349,
353, 360–1, 368, 376–7, 389, 398,
413, 429, 439, 444, 448,
450, 461
actions of 37, 84–5, 88, 99, 103, 107–8, 121,
163, 191, 218, 258, 269, 271–2,
274, 276, 284, 288, 297, 300–2,
305, 317, 319–20, 322, 326–7,
335 – 7, 339, 342–5, 348, 366, 384,
388, 402–3, 406, 411–12, 415,
425, 427–8, 431, 435–6, 451–2,
454, 459
advisors to 77
campaigns of 14–16, 84, 97, 117, 276
diplomacy of 17
General Regulation 301 – 2, 413
“Instruction”to governors (of 1719) 301
“Instruction”(of 1728) 305
policies of 86, 90, 301, 305, 375, 410
travels to Europe 15, 297, 375, 428, 440
Peter II (Emperor) 280, 316, 347
Peter III (Emperor) 16, 281–2, 294, 317, 329,
347, 370, 397, 403, 413, 419,
433, 440
Peterhof 275
petitions 109–10, 137–9, 175, 239, 271, 366– 7484 Index