Smolensk campaign 215
Smotritsky, Meletii 78
Speranskii, Mikhail 348, 460
Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian
Empire 1649– 1825348
sociability 37, 418–19, 436, 444–5, 449
social background 377, 430
social contract 38
social estates 77, 108, 112, 217, 226, 308, 355,
379, 429, 435, 446
lower 370, 392
middle 10, 240, 355, 375, 380, 387, 389,
392 – 4, 428
upper 120–1, 370, 392, 427–9;see alsoboyars
andelite, theandgentry, theand
nobility, the
social life 225, 270
social mobility 68, 216, 219, 355, 381, 415,
429, 450
social practices 220, 432
social welfare 35, 103, 224, 253, 270, 296, 305,
309, 313–14, 352, 379, 382, 387,
407, 434
socialism 5, 229
society 11, 21, 98, 106, 109, 126, 135, 137,
160, 199, 221–2, 253, 258, 260–1,
264, 269–70, 275, 282, 300, 327,
355, 372–3, 375, 377, 380, 382,
388, 396, 403, 407, 413, 419,
446 – 7, 450–1, 458– 9
categories of 7
changes to/within 10, 257, 355, 361, 364,
385, 387, 416, 425, 460
cohesion of 129, 355, 372, 394, 407, 427,
429 – 31, 435
commentaries on 438
groups within 217, 222, 305, 308, 326–7,
329, 337, 355, 358–60, 365, 372,
375, 379, 392–3, 427–8, 432,
434 – 6, 451, 459
hierarchies of 77, 108, 239, 302, 305, 400,
405, 407
homogenization of 124–5, 160, 459
ideas about 131
impacts upon 298– 300
inequality in 100, 108, 431
organization of 10, 125, 207–8, 372,
393, 460
problems facing 428, 443, 446
status within 75, 79–80, 91–2, 103, 108,
113, 130, 137, 139, 172, 207–8,
210, 214–15, 217, 222, 227, 239,
242, 304–5, 355, 360, 363, 376,
381, 398, 427–30, 432, 434;see
alsosocial estatesand soslovie and
Table of Ranks
unity in 1
unrest/tension within 28, 77, 105, 172,
223, 307
Society of Noble Military Fellows 108
sociology 177
Sofiia Alekseevna (Regent) 253
sokha 200
Solikamsk 86, 145, 287
Church of John the Baptist 145
Trinity Cathedral 145
Solovetskii monastery 203, 258
Solov’ev, S. M. 80, 166, 461
Sol’Vychegodsk 203, 320
Sophie of Anhalt-ZerbstseeCatherine II
(Empress)
Sorskii, Nil 250– 1
soslovie355, 372–3, 415
Sosva River (Northern) 60
sovereignty 2, 6, 48, 168, 270, 292
Soviet Union, the 2, 6, 420, 425
demise of 5
people of/from 2, 437
Spafarii, Nikolai 62, 178
Spain 15, 26, 29, 33, 38, 451, 454
Spasskoe 226
Spierenburg, Pieter 171
spirituality 244, 248–53, 255, 260–1, 263,
412 – 14, 417–18, 426–7;see also
religion
lay 252–4, 259, 413
Stroganov, Grigorii 60
Stroganovs, the 60, 69, 85, 144–5, 203, 320
Struys, Jan 179
stability 1, 71, 94, 123, 155, 161, 168, 207,
214, 229, 263, 270, 387, 398, 401
political 146, 397, 416
pursuit of 10, 50, 327
Staden, Heinrich von 180
Stanford University viii
Stanislas-Augustus Poniatowski (King of
Poland) 404
stanitsy72, 310
Stanovoi Mountain range 21
Stanziani, Alessandro 165, 219, 368
Staritsa 407
Starodub 51
starozhily 88
starshyna77, 100, 105, 108–9, 146;see also
Hetmanate, the, Left Bankand
Ukraine, Left Bank
startsy 414
Staryi Oskol 67
state, the 10, 141, 160, 168, 173, 227–8, 254,
257 – 8, 271, 276, 302, 312, 320,
348, 362, 411, 432, 434, 443, 447;
see alsonation-states
actions of 11, 165, 172, 195, 197, 200, 204,
224, 226, 257, 305, 325–6, 342,
346 – 8, 400, 406, 410, 415,
432, 433
building of 6, 8, 33, 41, 136, 161, 173, 196,
200, 202, 223, 279, 457– 8Index 491