GLOSSARY ★ A-75founded at the University of Michigan in
1960 by Tom Hayden and Al Haber.
suffrage The right to vote.
Sugar Act 1764 decision by Parliament to
tax refined sugar and many other colonial
products.
Sunbelt The label for an arc that stretched
from the Carolinas to California. During
the postwar era, much of the urban popu-
lation growth occurred in this area.
Taft- Hartley Act 1947 law passed over
President Harry Truman’s veto; the law
contained a number of provisions to
weaken labor unions, including the ban-
ning of closed shops.
tariff of abominations Tariff passed in
1828 by Parliament that taxed imported
goods at a very high rate; aroused strong
opposition in the South.
Tariff of 1816 First true protective tar-
iff, intended to protect certain American
goods against foreign competition.
Tea Party A grassroots Republican move-
ment that emerged in 2009 named for
the Boston Tea Party of the 1770s. The
Tea Party opposed the Obama adminis-
tration’s sweeping legislative enactments
and advocated for a more stringent immi-
gration policy.
Teapot Dome Harding administration
scandal in which Secretary of the Interior
Albert B. Fall profited from secret leasing
to private oil companies of government
oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming,
and Elk Hills, California.
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa
Tecumseh— a leader of the Shawnee tribe
who tried to unite all Indians into a con-
federation to resist white encroachment
on their lands. His beliefs and leader-
ship made him seem dangerous to the
American government. He was killed at
the Battle of the Thames. His brother,
Tenskwatawa— a religious prophet who
called for complete separation fromStamp Act Parliament’s 1765 require-
ment that revenue stamps be affixed to all
colonial printed matter, documents, and
playing cards; the Stamp Act Congress
met to formulate a response, and the act
was repealed the following year.
staple crops Important cash crops; for
example, cotton or tobacco.
steamboats Paddlewheelers that could
travel both up- and down- river in deep
or shallow waters; they became commer-
cially viable early in the nineteenth cen-
tury and soon developed into America’s
first inland freight and passenger service
network.
stock market crash Also known as Black
Tuesday, a stock market panic in 1929 that
resulted in the loss of more than $10 bil-
lion in market value (worth approxi-
mately ten times more today). One among
many causes of the Great Depression.
Stonewall Inn A gathering place for
New York’s gay community, the site of
the 1969 police raids and resulting riots
that launched the modern gay rights
movement.
Stono Rebellion A slave uprising in 1739
in South Carolina that led to a severe
tightening of the slave code and the tem-
porary imposition of a prohibitive tax on
imported slaves.
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1972
talks between President Nixon and Sec-
retary Brezhnev that resulted in the Stra-
tegic Arms Limitation Treaty (or SALT),
which limited the quantity of nuclear
warheads each nation could possess, and
prohibited the development of missile
defense systems.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) Organization
founded in 1960 to coordinate civil rights
sit- ins and other forms of grassroots
protest.
Students for a Democratic Society
(SDS) Major organization of the New Left,