198 l/-94
Fear is the expectation of something bad. These [forms] are brought
under fear: dread, hesitation, shame, shock, panic, agony. Dread is a fear
which produces fright; shame is a fear of bad reputation; hesitation is a
fear of future action; shock is a fear arising from the appearance of an
unfamiliar thing; 113. panic is fear in conjunction with a hastening of
the voice; agony is a fear ... [There is a lacuna here.]
Desire is an irrational striving, and these [forms] are ranged under it:
want, hatred, quarrelsomeness, anger, sexual love, wrath, spiritedness.
Want is an unsuccessful desire and is as though it were separated from
its object yet vainly straining for and drawn to it; hatred is a progressive
and increasing desire for things to go badly for someone; quarrelsomeness
is a desire concerned with one's [philosophical] school; anger is a desire
for revenge on one who seems to have done an injustice inappropriately;
sexual love is a desire which does not afflict virtuous men, for it is an
effort to gain love resulting from the appearance of [physical] beauty.
- Wrath is long-standing and spiteful anger which just waits for its
chance, as is apparent in these lines [Iliad 1.81-2]:
For even if he swallows his resentment for today,
still he will retain his spite in the future, until it is satisfied.And spiritedness is anger just beginning.
Pleasure is an irrational elation over what seems to be worth choosing;
under it are ranged enchantment, mean-spirited satisfaction, enjoyment,
rapture. Enchantment is a pleasure which charms one through the sense
of hearing; mean-spirited satisfaction is pleasure at someone else's misfor-
tunes; enjoyment is, as it were, a turning/^1 a kind of incitement of the
soul to slackness; rapture is a breakdown of virtue.
- As there are said to be ailments in the body, such as gout and
arthritis, so too in the soul there are love of reputation and love of
pleasure and the like. For an ailment is a disease coupled with weakness
and a disease is a strong opinion about something which seems to be
worth choosing. And as in the body there are certain predispositions [to
disease], for example catarrh and diarrhoea, so too in the soul there are
tendencies, such as proneness to grudging, proneness to pity, quarrel-
someness and the like. - There are also three good states [of the soul], joy, caution, and
wish. And joy is opposite to pleasure, being a reasonable elation; and
caution to fear, being a reasonable avoidance. For the wise man will not
be afraid in any way, but will be cautious. They say that wish is opposite - The pun is untranslatable.