266 111-4 to //1-7
concealed the truth beneath them. So, he used falsehoods as curtains
and, hiding behind these, kept the truth in the back room, hiding it like
a [crooked] shopkeeper. His nature, therefore, was like that of beans,
where the empty ones float on water and rise to the top and the good
ones sink and disappear."
This is what is said about Carneades. Clitomachus was installed as the
successor in his school, and after him Philo, about whom Numenius
remarks, (739b) "Philo, as soon as he acquired headship of the school,
was filled with joy, and rendering homage, he honored and extolled the
doctrines of Clitomachus, and, against the Stoics, (739c) he 'armed him-
self with gleaming bronze'. "^5
As time went by and their doctrine of suspension of judgement lost
the impact of its novelty, Philo could not maintain his previous way of
thinking, but rather the clarity and consistency of his experiences began
to turn him around. Having so much clarity in his insights, he was
extremely eager, you may be sure, to find someone who would refute
him so that he would not appear to have turned his back and to have
fled of his own accord. Antiochus became a pupil of Philo and founded
another Academy. At any rate, he attended the lectures of Mnesarchus
the Stoic, and adopted views contrary to (739d) those of Philo his teacher,
foisting on the Academy countless alien views."
Diogenes Laertius 4.66-67 [Ill-S]
66 .... [Carneades] had many other students, the most famous of
whom was Clitomachus. We should also speak of him ... 67. Clitomachus
was a Carthaginian. His real name was Hasdrubal. He used to philosophize
in Carthage in his native language. At 40 years of age he came to Athens
where he heard Carneades. The latter, perceiving his industriousness,
arranged for him to learn to read and write [Greek] and himself took
part in his training. He exerted himself so much that he wrote more than
400 books. He succeeded Carneades and in his writings elucidated his
[master's] views in particular. The man was trained in three systems:
Academic, Peripatetic, and Stoic ....
- Homer Iliad 7.206.