Notes to pages 116–130 ( 231 )
- Anderson, Imperative of Integration, pp. 3– 7.
- Charles W. Mills, “White Supremacy as Sociopolitical System” and “White Supremacy
and Racial Justice,” chs. 7 and 8 of Mills, From Class to Race: Essays in White Marxism and
Black Radicalism (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).
- See, for example, George Fredrickson, White Supremacy: A Comparative Study in American
and South African History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981).
- But see John Roemer, A General Theory of Exploitation and Class (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1982).
- Alan Wertheimer, Exploitation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996),
pp. ix, 8.
- Gary A. Dymski, “Racial Inequality and Capitalist Exploitation,” in Kai Nielsen and
Robert Ware, eds., Exploitation (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1997), pp.
335– 47.
- For a classic discussion, see Cedric J. Robinson’s Black Marxism: The Making of the Black
Radical Tradition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000; orig. ed. 1983).
- See the introductory essays by Ashley (“Woody”) Doane and Margaret Anderson in
Doane and Eduardo Bonilla- Silva, eds., White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism
(New York: Routledge, 2003).
- Cheryl I. Harris, “Whiteness as Property,” Harvard Law Review 106 (1993): 1709–
91; Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro, Black Wealth/ White Wealth: A New
Perspective on Racial Inequality, 10th anniversary ed. (New York: Routledge, 2006; orig.
ed. 1995); George Lipsitz, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People
Profit from Identity Politics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998); Linda Faye
Williams, The Constraint of Race: Legacies of White Skin Privilege in America (University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003); Lindsay G. Robertson, Conquest
by Law: How the Discovery of America Dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Ira Katznelson, When Affirmative Action Was
White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth- Century America (New York: W.
W. Norton, 2005); Meizhu Lui et al., The Color of Wealth: The Story Behind the U.S.
Racial Wealth Divide (New York: New Press, 2006); Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by
Another Name: The Re- Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War
II (New York: Doubleday, 2008); Daria Roithmayr, Reproducing Racism: How Everyday
Choices Lock in White Advantage (New York: New York University Press, 2014); Andre L.
Smith, Tax Law and Racial Economic Justice: Black Tax (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/
Rowman & Littlefield, 2015).
- Sally Haslanger, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2012).
- George M. Fredrickson, Racism: A Short History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Classics,
2015; orig. ed. 2002). For an opposing view, see Benjamin Isaac, The Invention of Racism in
Classical Antiquity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).
- Karl Marx, Capital, vol. I, trans. Ben Fowkes (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin and
New Left Review, 1976), p. 280.
- See, for example, Marshall Cohen, Thomas Nagel, and Thomas Scanlon, eds., Marx, Justice
and History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980); Steven Lukes, Marxism
and Morality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985).
- Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 2008; orig. ed.
1995); Karen Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says about Race in
America (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998); Matthew Frye Jacobson,
Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1998); Nell Irvin Painter, The History of White People
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2010).
- Slavery in the medieval Islamic world, which some scholars have argued differentiated
black from non- black slaves, may be an exception: Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in the
Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
- Lipsitz, Possessive Investment, p. 5.
- Oliver and Shapiro, Black Wealth/ White Wealth, p. 51.
