( 232 ) Notes to pages 132–145
- See, in this regard, the highly instructive work of Donald R. Kinder and Lynn M. Sanders,
Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1996).
- The failure of Bernie Sanders’s recent (as I write this in summer 2016) “democratic social-
ist” campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination can be argued to stem in part
from its opting for a putatively “universalist” left approach that dissolved racial justice
into class justice, without giving sufficient attention to the former’s distinctive features.
Apart from the African American community’s long- standing connection to the Clintons,
Bill and Hillary, this political mis- diagnosis contributed significantly, I would suggest, to
blacks’ general alienation from Sanders’s program.
- Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty- First Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014).
- Derrick Bell, And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice (New York: Basic
Books, 1989).
CHAPTER 8
- John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, rev. ed. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999;
orig. ed. 1971); John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press,
1993); John Rawls, Political Liberalism, exp. ed. (New York: Columbia University Press,
1996); John Rawls, Collected Papers, ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1999); John Rawls, The Law of Peoples, with “The Idea of Public Reason
Revisited” (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999); John Rawls, Justice as
Fairness: A Restatement, ed. Erin Kelly (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
- Samuel Freeman, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Rawls (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2003).
- See, for example, the contributions to the “Equal Citizenship: Race and Ethnicity” section
of the Fordham Law Review 72, no. 5 (April 2004) symposium: Rawls and the Law, and,
more recently, Christopher J. Lebron, The Color of Our Shame: Race and Justice in Our Time
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).
- I mean by this not that other oppressions and injustices do not exist or are unimport-
ant, but, rather, that both gender and class, for example, predate the modern world as
social structures and social identities. Race by contrast— at least in the conventional
scholarly judgment (but see Benjamin Isaac, The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity
[Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004])— is distinctively modern, provides
the rationale for the European conquest of the world, and insofar as it has facilitated
slavery and genocide at a time when human moral equality was supposed to have
been broadly established, it is distinctively horrific in the blatancy of the degree of its
oppression.
- Thomas Nagel, “Rawls and Liberalism,” in Freeman, Cambridge Companion, p. 84n3.
- Charles W. Mills, The Racial Contract (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997).
- Charles W. Mills, “‘Ideal Theory’ as Ideology,” Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 20,
no. 3 (August 2005): 165– 84, reprinted as ch. 5 in this book; Carole Pateman and Charles
W. Mills, Contract and Domination (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2007).
- John Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, ed. Barbara Herman (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 2000); John Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political
Philosophy, ed. Samuel Freeman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).
- Susan Moller Okin, Justice, Gender, and the Family (New York: Basic Books, 1989).
- In citing possible explanations, Rawls does say “Truman once described the Japanese
as beasts and said they should be treated as such.” But he then immediately goes on to
write “how foolish it sounds now to call the Germans and the Japanese as a whole barbar-
ians and beasts” (Rawls, Law of Peoples, p. 100), which makes it doubtful that he saw this
epithet as racial on Truman’s part. For a more informed discussion of the role of race in
the Pacific War, see John Dower, War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1986).
http://www.ebook3000.com
