348 APPendIx B • ConSTITUTIon of The UnITed STATeS
Clause 5: Officers and Impeachment. The House of
Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other
Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
The power to impeach is the power to accuse. In this case,
it is the power to accuse members of the executive or judi-
cial branch of wrongdoing or abuse of power. Once a bill of
impeachment is issued, the Senate holds the trial.
Section 3. The Senate
Clause 1: Term and Number of Members. The Senate of the
United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State [chosen by the Legislature thereof],^3 for six
Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Every state has two senators, each of whom serves for six
years and has one vote in the upper chamber. Since the
Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, all senators have been
elected directly by voters of the state during the regular
election.
Clause 2: Classification of Senators. Immediately after
they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first
Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into
three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class
shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of
the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and
of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so
that one third may be chosen every second Year; [and if
Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during
the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive
thereof may make temporary Appointments until the
next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill
such Vacancies].^4
One-third of the Senate’s seats are open to election every
two years (in contrast, all members of the House are elected
simultaneously).
Clause 3: Qualifications. No Person shall be a Senator
who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years,
and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that
State for which he shall be chosen.
Every senator must be at least thirty years old, a citizen of
the United States for a minimum of nine years, and a resi-
dent of the state in which he or she is elected.
Clause 4: The Role of the Vice President. The Vice President
of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but
shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
The vice president presides over meetings of the Senate but
cannot vote unless there is a tie. The Constitution gives no
other official duties to the vice president.
Clause 5: Other Officers. The Senate shall chuse their
other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the
Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise
the Office of President of the United States.The Senate votes for one of its members to preside when the
vice president is absent. This person is usually called the
president pro tempore because of the temporary nature of
the position.
Clause 6: Impeachment Trials. The Senate shall have the
sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that
Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the
President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice
shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without
the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
The Senate conducts trials of officials that the House
impeaches. The Senate sits as a jury, with the vice president
presiding if the president is not on trial.
Clause 7: Penalties for Conviction. Judgment in Cases of
Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal
from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any
Office of honor, Trust, or Profit under the United States:
but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and
subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment, and Punishment,
according to Law.
On conviction of impeachment charges, the Senate can only
force an official to leave office and prevent him or her from
holding another office in the federal government. The indi-
vidual, however, can still be tried in a regular court.
Section 4. Congressional Elections: Times, Manner,
and Places
Clause 1: Elections. The Times, Places and Manner of
holding Elections for Senators and Representatives,
shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature
thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make
or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chus
ing Senators.
Congress set the Tuesday after the first Monday in
November in even-numbered years as the date for congres-
sional elections. In states with more than one seat in the
House, Congress requires that representatives be elected
from districts within each state. Under the Seventeenth
Amendment, senators are elected at the same places as
other officials.
Clause 2: Sessions of Congress. [The Congress shall
assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting
shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they
shall by Law appoint a different Day.]^5
Congress has to meet every year at least once. The regu-
lar session now begins at noon on January 3 of each year,
subsequent to the Twentieth Amendment, unless Congress
passes a law to fix a different date. Congress stays in ses-
sion until its members vote to adjourn. Additionally, the
president may call a special session.
Section 5. Powers and Duties of the Houses
Clause 1: Admitting Members and Quorum. Each House
shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns, and- Repealed by the Seventeenth Amendment.
- Modified by the Seventeenth Amendment. 5. Changed by the Twentieth Amendment.
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