end of, 109
limits on, 108–109
Affordable Care Act, 62
Afghanistan
al Qaeda and, 327–328
American invasion of, 228
federalization of National
Guard, 53
Northern Alliance, 326
Taliban government in, 320, 326
AFL (American Federation of
Labor), 146
AFL-CIO, 146
African Americans
civil rights and, 93–100, 145
consequences of slavery and,
94–97
equality and, 9
extralegal methods of enforcing
white supremacy, 95–96
fertility rate of, 105
importance of religion, 192
Jim Crow laws, 95
lynching and, 95–96
percentage change in U.S.
ethnic distribution, 105
political participation by,
99 –10 0
as public officials, 172
school integration and, 96
separate-but-equal doctrine,
95, 96
support of Democratic Party,
160
voter behavior, 99–100, 123
voting rights of, 94, 95, 99, 190,
191
Agenda building, health care and,
298–300
Agenda setting
by Congress, 199
defined, 119
by media, 119
Agriculture Department
functions of, 254
subagencies of, 254
Agriculture interest groups, 146
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 329AIG, 257–258
al-Assad, Bashar, 2, 323
Alien “removal” courts, 278
Alito, Samuel, 41, 284–285, 288,
289
Allende, Salvador, 335
al-Maliki, Nouri, 326
al Qaeda
in Afghanistan, 327–328
in Pakistan, 326
reasons for attack, 324
September 11, 2001 terrorist
attacks and, 320
American Automobile Association
(AAA), 145
American Bar Association (ABA),
147
American Civil Liberties Union
(ACLU), 113
American Crossroads, 179
American Dairy Association, 145
American Farm Bureau
Federation, 146
American Federation of Labor
(AFL), 146
American Federation of Teachers,
147
American Friends Service
Committee, 342
American Indians
assimilation, 107
demographic collapse of,
106 –107
gambling casinos, 107
American Israel Public Affairs
Committee, 150
American Journalism Review,
14 0
American Medical Association
(AMA), 148
American Revolution, 5, 23–28
Americans for Democratic Action,
150
Americans for Tax Reform, 150
American Woman Suffrage
Association, 101
Amicus curiae brief, 274
Amnesty International, 342383
A
AARP (formerly American
Association of Retired
Persons), 317
accomplishments of, 150–151
Abe, Shinzo, 333
Abortion
partial-birth, 83, 289
privacy rights and, 9, 81–83
special interest groups and,
150
Absentee ballots, 186
Accuracy in Media, 140
Accused, rights of
basic rights, 84–85
exclusionary rule, 85–86
gag orders and, 80
Miranda warning, 85
Actual malice, 79
Adams, John, 24, 158
Adams, John Quincy, 22, 158,
185, 226
Adams, Samuel, 37
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v.
Peña, 108 –109
Adelson, Sheldon, 178, 179
Administrative agency, as source
of American law, 273
Administrative law tribunals,
277
Administrative Procedure Act,
236
Advertising
campaigns ads by special
interest groups, 178
“daisy girl,” 135–136
First Amendment protection
and, 75
issue advocacy, 177
media’s profit-making function
and, 133
negative, 135–136
political, 135–136
Advice and consent, 229
Affirmation of judgment, 281
Affirmative action, 107–109
college admission and, 290
defined, 107Index
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