Index 403
Promotional policy, 298
Property
defined, 10
right to, and capitalism, 10
Proportional primary, 181–182
Proportional representation, 164
Proposition 8, 73, 112
Prosecutors, limits on conduct
of, 84
Protestants
Republican Party and, 159
voting behavior, 122, 123
Prurient interest, 76
Public agenda
defined, 132
setting by media, 132–133
Public debt
deficit spending and, 311
defined, 312
historical perspective on, 311–312
net, 311
as percentage of gross domestic
product, 311
perspectives on, 311–312
Public employee unions, 147
Public figure, libel and, 79
Public interest, 149–150
Public-interest groups, 149–150
Public Interest Research Groups
(PIRGs), 149
Public opinion, 116–131
about government, 129–131
check on courts and, 292
consensus, 117
defined, 117
demographic factors and,
121–125
divided, 117, 118
economic status and, 121–123
education and, 123
formation of, 117–125
gender gap and, 125
generational effect, 121
geographic region and, 125
going public, 234
measuring, 125–129
media and, 119–120
policymaking and, 130–131
political culture and, 129–130
political process and, 129–131
political socialization and,
117–12 5
of president, 233–234
winner-take-all system, 164
Presidential primaries, 172–173
as beauty contest, 181
front-loading, 183–184
historical perspective on, 181
reforming, 181
types of, 181–183
Press, freedom of, 68, 79–81
clear and present danger, 75
gag orders, 80
libel, 79
prior restraint, 73–74, 80
Price, Betsy, 17
Primary elections (primaries)
blanket, 182
closed, 182
defined, 173
direct, 181, 205
early, and consequences of, 183
historical perspective on, 181
indirect, 181
open, 182
presidential (See Presidential
primaries)
proportional and winner-take-
all, 181–182
public financing for, 180
run-off, 182
top -two, 182–183
Prior restraint, 73–74, 80
Prisons, privatization of, 262
Privacy Act of 1974, 268
Privacy rights, 68, 81–84
abortion and, 9, 81–83
constitution and, 81
national security versus, 9,
86–87
right to die and, 83–84
roving wiretaps, 86–87
USA Patriot Act, 86
warrantless wiretaps, 87
Privatization, 262
Probable cause
arrest and, 84
for search warrants, 86, 89
Professionals, interest groups of,
147–14 8
Profits, making, as media
function, 133
Progressives, term of, 16
Progressive tax, 315
Progressivism, 159–160
Prohibition, 38
separation of powers, 34
State of the Union address and,
231
succession to, 242–243
Presidential elections
of 1800, 158
of 1824, 158
of 1828, 158
of 1896, 161
of 1912, 159, 166
of 1932, 160
of 1936, opinion polls
predicting, 125–126
of 1964, 135–136
of 1980, opinion polls, 128
of 1992, 166
of 1996, demographics and, 122
of 2000, 161
demographics and, 122
electoral college, 161, 226
impact of minor party on, 166
Supreme Court decision and,
279–280
of 2004, 161
demographics and, 122
of 2008
demographics and, 122
economic issue and, 161
political parties and, 161
of 2012, 162, 163
campaign spending on, 175,
17 9
debates, 137–138
demographics and, 122
as longest campaign, 180
campaign financing, 175
candidate committees and
financing, 180
candidates who run for, 172–173
coattail effect, 205
debates and, 137–138
economic report of, 218
economy and, 234
electoral college, 185–186,
225–226
executive budget, 215, 217
gender gap and, 125
national conventions, 184
by other than direct popular
vote, 225–226
popular election of, 164
primaries, 181–184
voter turnout, 188–190
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