5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition

❮ 153

Taxonomy and

Classification

IN THIS CHAPTER

Summary:This chapter discusses Linnaeus’s binomial system of classification

and taxonomy in general. It gives information about each of the kingdoms

(Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia).

Key Ideas

✪Do not spend countless hours memorizing every detail about these

various kingdoms. If you have time to burn and really want to learn all the

details—go for it. If you are pressed for time, focus in on the basic and

important information about each kingdom.

✪The seven categories of classification listed from broadest to most

specific: kingdom–phylum–class–order–family–genus–species.

✪Autotrophs are the producers of the world; heterotrophs are the consumers.

✪The endosymbiotic theory states that eukaryotic cells originated from a

symbiotic partnership of prokaryotic cells.

✪Be sure to learn the evolutionary relationships within each kingdom—this

is fair game for a free-response question.

Introduction

Taxonomy is the brainchild of Linnaeus, who came up with a binomial system of classifi-

cationin which each species was given a two-word name. The first word describes the

genus—the group to which the species belongs. The second word is the name of the partic-

ularspecies.For example, Homo sapiensis the binomial system name for humans.

CHAPTER

13

KEY IDEA

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