5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition

❮ 177

Human Physiology

IN THIS CHAPTER

Summary:This chapter takes you on a tour of the human body and discusses

how the various systems of the human body function on a daily basis.

Key Ideas

✪Study this chapter well—human physiology comes up often on the

AP exam.

✪Passage of blood flow through the heart: vena cava →right atrium →right

ventricle→lungs→left atrium →left ventricle →aorta→body and back.

✪The functional unit of the lung is the alveolus.

✪Four major thermoregulatory processes: conduction, convection,

evaporation, and radiation.

✪The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is broken down

into the sensory and motor divisions.

✪Three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

✪Study the names, origins, and functions of the various hormones that appear

in this chapter—this is a common subject for multiple-choice questions.

✪Learn about the difference between nonspecific and specific immunity.

Introduction

Welcome to the tour of the human body. During this tour, we will discuss how our bodies

work. We will be making eight stops, lunch will not be served, and we don’t want to hear

any requests for bathroom breaks (although we will be learning about things of that

nature). Buckle up—here we go.

CHAPTER

15

KEY IDEA

BIG IDEA 4.B.2
Within multicellular
organisms, special-
ization of organs
contributes to over-
all function.

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