5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition
AP Biology Practice Exam 1 ❮ 275
- Homeostasis, or the maintenance of a steady-
state environment, is a characteristic of all living
organisms. For each of the following physiologi-
cal parameters describe how homeostasis is
maintained:
A. Blood glucose levels
B. Body temperature
C. Blood calcium levels
- Membranes are vital to the transport of sub-
stances into and out of cells. Three important
forms of cellular transport include:
A. Active transport
B. Endocytosis and exocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
For each of the forms listed above, explain how
the organization of the cell membranes functions
in the movement of specific molecules across
membranes and explain the significance of each
type of transport to a specific cell.
7. Skin is coated with sebum, an oily substance that
slows water loss and inhibits growth of some
microorganisms.
A. Briefly explain how sebum is able to perform
its function.
B. Explain why lungs are more vulnerable to
infection than skin. Include the idea of sur-
face area in your answer.
8. The complete oxidation of a mole of glucose
produces 686 kcal of free energy. The oxidation
of a mole of glucose in a cell generates a maxi-
mum of 38 moles of ATP. Each mole of ATP
stores about 7.3 kcal of energy. The efficiency of
the ATP energy yield from the complete aerobic
respiration of glucose is about 40 percent.
A. Using the laws of thermodynamics, explain
what happens to the rest of the energy.
B. How do humans benefit from this energy
loss?
C. Why would hibernating animals possess an
adaptation to reduce efficiency of cellular
respiration even further?
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