AP Biology Practice Exam 1 ❮ 285
of membrane transport proteins. (1/2
point)
- Mentioning that transport proteins are
specific and have a binding site for the
specific molecule of interest. (1/2 point)
- Mentioning that it does not require
energy. (1/2 point)
- Mentioning that osmosis occurs from a
hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solu-
tion. (1/2 point)
- Skin is coated with sebum, an oily substance that
slows water loss and inhibits growth of some
microorganisms. (maximum 4 points for entire
question)
A. How sebum works (maximum 2 points)
- Mentioning that sebum (or any oily sub-
stance) is composed of lipids. (1 point)
- Mentioning that lipids are hydrophobic
(repel water). (1 point)
- Mentioning that sebum creates a
hydrophobic barrier on skin that slows
water loss. (1 point)
B. Why lungs are more vulnerable to infection
(maximum 2 points)
- Mentioning that lungs provide a moist
environment, ideal for microbial growth.
(1 point)
- Mentioning that lungs have a highly
folded surface (high surface area). (1 point)
- Mentioning that a higher surface area
provides more opportunities for invasion.
(1 point)
- The complete oxidation of a mole of glucose
produces 686 kcal of free energy. (maximum
4 points for entire question)
A. Loss of energy (maximum 3 points)
- Mentioning that energy cannot be created
or destroyed but only transformed from
one form to another (first law of thermo-
dynamics). (1 point)
- Mentioning that every energy transforma-
tion results in some energy loss as heat
(second law of thermodynamics). (1 point)
- Mentioning that the remaining 60 per-
cent energy from glucose oxidation is lost
as heat. (1 point)
B. Benefits from loss of energy (maximum
1 point)
- Mentioning that humans use some of
the heat to maintain body temperature.
(1 point)
C. Adaptation of hibernating animals (maxi-
mum 2 points)
- Mentioning that hibernating animals
don’t need a lot of ATP because they are
inactive. (1 point)
- Mentioning that they must still maintain
internal body heat. (1 point)
- Mentioning that lower efficiency means
heat generation without much ATP being
produced. (1 point)
http://www.ebook3000.com
