298 ❯ STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
- The immune system is the body’s defense against
foreign invaders and is divided into specific and
nonspecific immunity, and humoral and cell-
mediated immunity. Answer three of the follow-
ing four questions:
A. Describe the primary immune response and
how an invading antigen is met, dealt with,
and eliminated. Describe the cells involved
and how they are created.
B. Describe the mechanism by which the
immune system deals with viruses, invaders
that make it insideourcells.
C. Define nonspecific immunity, and list three
examples of nonspecific defense mechanisms
in humans.
D. Define the term vaccination, and describe
how a vaccination works. - You just started working at a local laboratory and
are usually given the grunt-work lab assignments
to perform. Design and describe how you would
do the following experiments:
A. Describe how you would design an experi-
ment to prove the theory that photosynthesis
requires both light and chloroplasts. Describe
what equipment you would use, what your
control would be, and how your expected
outcome would support your hypothesis.
B. You are told that you need to determine
how the following factors affect the rate of
transpiration in plants: temperature, humid-
ity, light intensity, and air movement.
Describe how you would perform an exper-
iment that could accomplish that task, and
give your prediction of the expected results.
Be sure to describe your experimental setup.
3. The phenotype for scale color in gila monsters is
determined by a specific locus. The dominant
allele (black) is represented by G and the reces-
sive allele (brown) is represented by g. The cross
between a male gila monster with black scales
and a female gila monster with brown scales pro-
duced the following F 1 generation:- Black-scaled gila monsters: 52
- Brown-scaled gila monsters: 55
- White-scaled gila monsters: 1
The black-scaled females and brown-scaled
males from the F 1 generation were then crossed
to produce the following F 2 generation: - Black-scaled gila monsters: 53
- Brown-scaled gila monsters: 54
- White-scaled gila monsters: 0
A. Based on the data presented here, determine
the P-generation genotypes. Provide Punnett
squares that support your answer.
B. The white-scaled female in the F 1 generation
resulted from a mutational change. Explain
what a mutation is and discuss a type of
mutation that might have produced the
white-scaled female in the F 1 generation.
4. The idea of surface area is an important concept
in biology. Explain how surface area plays a criti-
cal role in the digestive system.
AP Biology Practice Exam 2: Section II
FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Time—1 hour and 30 minutes
(The first 10 minutes is a reading period. Do not begin writing until the 10-minute period has passed.)
Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that should require about 20 minutes each.
Questions 3–8 are short-response questions that should require about 6 minutes each.
Outline form is not acceptable. Answers should be in essay form.