Cells ❮ 59
❯ Rapid Review
Try to rapidly review the materials presented in the following table and list:
Fluid mosaic model:plasma membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer
with proteins of various lengths and sizes interspersed with cholesterol among the
phospholipids.
Integral proteins:proteins implanted within lipid bilayer of plasma membrane.
Peripheral proteins:proteins attached to exterior of membrane.
Diffusion:passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from high
to low concentrations).
ORGANELLE PROKARYOTESANIMAL CELLSEUKARYOTES EUKARYOTESPLANT CELLS FUNCTION
Cell wall + – + Protects and shapes the cell
Plasma
membrane +++
Regulates what substances enter and leave
a cell
Ribosome + + +
Host for protein synthesis; formed in
nucleolus
Smooth ER* – + +
Lipid synthesis, detoxification,
carbohydrate metabolism; no ribosomes on
cytoplasmic surface
Rough ER –
+ +
Synthesizes proteins to secrete or send to
plasma membrane; contains ribosomes on
cytoplasmic surface
Golgi + +
Modifies lipids, proteins, etc., and sends them
to other sites in the cell
Mitochondria – + + Power plant of cell; hosts major energy-producing steps of respiration
Lysosome – + –
Contains enzymes that digest organic
compounds; serves as cell’s stomach
Nucleus – + + Control center of cell; host for transcription, replication, and DNA
Peroxisome –
+ +
Breakdown of fatty acids, detoxification of
alcohol
Chloroplast – + Site of photosynthesis in plants
Cytoskeleton – + +
Skeleton of cell; consists of microtubules
(cell division, cilia, flagella),
microfilaments (muscles), and intermediate
filaments (reinforcing position of organelles)
Vacuole –
+, small +, large Storage vault of cells
Centrioles + – Part of microtubule separation apparatusthat assists cell division in animal cells
∗Endoplasmic reticulum
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