5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology, 2014-2015 Edition

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Respiration

IN THIS CHAPTER

Summary:This chapter covers the basics behind the energy-creation process

known as respiration. This chapter also teaches you the difference between

aerobic and anaerobic respiration and takes you through the steps that con-

vert a glucose molecule into ATP.

Key Ideas

✪Aerobic respiration: glycolysis →Krebs cycle →oxidative

phosphorylation→36 ATP.

✪Anaerobic respiration: glycolysis →regenerate NAD+→much less ATP.

✪Oxidative phosphorylation results in the production of large amounts of

ATP from NADH and FADH 2.

✪Chemiosmosis is the coupling of the movement of electrons down the

electron transport chain with the formation of ATP using the driving force

provided by the proton gradient.

Introduction

In this chapter, we explore how cells obtain energy. It is important that you do not get lost

or buried in the details. You should finish this chapter with an understanding of the basic

process. The AP Biology exam will not ask you to identify by name the enzyme that cat-

alyzes the third step of glycolysis, nor will it require you to name the fourth molecule in the

Krebs cycle. But it willask you questions that require an understanding of the respiration

process.

CHAPTER

7

KEY IDEA

BIG IDEA 2.A.1
All living things
require constant
input of energy.

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