Practice Test Two h 315Comments on Possible Solutions to
Free Response Questions
Document-Based Question
A good response may examine the treatment of vanquished nations after both wars.
Document 2 starts out as an attempt to assign war guilt, especially to the participants in
the “dark conspiracy” that promoted the wars. The phrase “dark conspiracy” illustrates a
degree of bias in the commission’s fi ndings. The Potsdam Conference (Document 7) details
plans for changing Nazi Germany’s policies and sentiments to align them with democratic
sentiments. At the same time, General George Marshall (Document 8) institutes a plan by
which the defeated European nations after World War II were given a second opportunity
for economic recovery to ensure political recovery.
The treatment of subject peoples and respect for nationalist fervor entails some differ-
ences after the two world wars. Documents 1, 4, and 5 address the problem of treatment
of the various nations within the boundaries of the former empires. The Versailles Treaty
shows bias by drawing a clear line between the states of the former Ottoman Empire and
the “advanced nations” that now oversee them as mandates. Students may point out that
European territories created from dissolved empires were granted independence rather
than being kept as mandates. The Atlantic Charter (Document 6), Charter of the United
Nations (Doc ument 10) and Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Document 11)
display a different sentiment: one that respected the rights of Europeans and people every-
where to choose their destiny.
Students may mention the different nature of the two international organizations
founded after the world wars, pointing out from their own background knowledge that the
United States did not join the League of Nations, but became a key member of the United
Nations. The covenant of the League of Nations (Document 3) does not mention a means
of enforcing its ideals, while the Charter of the United Nations does (Doc ument 10). A
similarity between the two postwar periods is found in the idealism of the Kellogg-Briand
Pact (Document 9) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Document 11).
Documents that would broaden the interpretation of the topic include statements from
offi cials representing the newly created mandates after World War I. Accounts from peoples
of the various minority nations within new political units such as Yugoslavia and Czecho-
slovakia would also add perspective.Continuity-and-Change-over-Time Essay
A good answer regarding trade in East Asia would begin with the withdrawal of China from
active world trade by 1450. Regional trade with Southeast Asia and Japan continued, however.
By the early sixteenth century, China also traded with Europe by means of the Manila gal-
leons. In the nineteenth century, an active trade arose between Great Britain and China in
Indian opium. China was divided into spheres of infl uence in the period prior to World War I.
In 1450, South Asia was part of the Indian Ocean network, trading with East Africa
and Southeast Asia. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Columbian Exchange
introduced American food crops to South Asia. In the sixteenth century, the Portuguese
established the treaty port of Goa in India. European infl uence continued as the French
and English established trading posts with India in the seventeenth century. By the eight-
eenth century, the British had gained control of trade rights as well as political control over
India. In the nineteenth century, Indian opium became the center of controversy in thehttp://www.ebook3000.com