The World History Environment and Periodization h 59- D—The seventeenth century witnessed intense
rivalry among Europeans and Muslims for trade
dominance, especially in spices, in the Indian
Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean (A) was the scene
of interactions among Europeans, Africans, and
Native Americans, whereas the Arctic Ocean
(B) saw limited trade among various Inuit peo-
ples. The South China Sea (C) was largely the
domain of the Chinese. The Pacific Ocean (E)
saw limited contacts between Europeans and
Pacific Islanders as well as interactions among
the Spanish, Chinese, Filipinos, and Indians
of South America through the voyages of the
Manila galleons. - C—Latin America embraces the political regions
of Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America,
with the unifying force a common heritage
stemming from speakers of Romance languages.
Mexico, for example, belongs politically to
North America and culturally to Latin America.
South Asia (A), North America (B), Southeast
Asia (D), and Central Asia (E) are regions with
commonly defined political boundaries. - E—The study of oceans embraces societies such
as Polynesian islanders and Malay peoples in
addition to accounts of civilizations. The Indian
and Pacific Oceans as well as the Atlantic (A)
involve accounts of rich cultural interactions
including various social classes (B). Interactions
across the ocean waters are no less vital to global
history than those across land masses (C), broad-
ening the scope of history (D).- C—The Greek alphabet originated with the
Phoenicians who, through trade, transmitted
its knowledge to the Greeks. The Sumerians
invented the wheel (A). The Mayans originated
the concept of the place holder in the Western
Hemisphere (B). Southeast Asia was an area of
independent cultivation of the banana (D). The
Hebrew people are credited with the origins of
monotheism (E). - B—The organization of the Advanced Place-
ment World History course by periods facilitates
comparing events and trends in those periods.
Period One begins with the rise of global agri-
culture (A). Periodization assists students in
analyzing the time periods addressed in docu-
ment-based questions and organizing the study
of continuities between time periods (C, D).
Periods One and Two are much broader in scope
than the other periods in the course, resulting in
uneven coverage of the early millennia of world
history (E).
❯ Answers and Explanations
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