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Take a Diagnostic Exam ❮ 23- Of the following, which means of communica-
tion is the most universal?
(A) English language
(B) hand gestures
(C) facial expressions
(D) vocal intonation
(E) bowing - A person with X, X, and Y sex chromosomes
must be
(A) heterosexual
(B) homosexual
(C) bisexual
(D) male
(E) female - According to Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory,
the upper limit of a child’s zone of proximal
development is the level at which the child can
(A) solve a problem only with the help of a
skilled instructor
(B) solve a difficult problem working alone
(C) recognize that the volume of a liquid stays
the same whether it is in a tall, narrow
container or short, wide container
(D) use metacognitive skills to solve a problem
(E) perform logical deductions - Chemicals that cause birth defects are
(A) morphogenic
(B) homophobic
(C) homeostatic
(D) teratogenic
(E) pathogenic- Which controversy deals with the question of
whether development is a gradual, cumulative
change or a sequence of distinct stages?
(A) nature versus nurture
(B) continuity versus discontinuity
(C) stability versus change
(D) evolution versus creationism
(E) individualism versus collectivism
44. Darren is a happily married man who is a success-
ful nursery school teacher. According to tradi-
tionalists, he has adopted the wrong
(A) gender
(B) gender identity
(C) gender role
(D) sex
(E) sexual orientation
45. Freud’s personality construct that contains psy-
chic energy to power all personality systems and
is guided by the pleasure principle is the
(A) id
(B) ego
(C) superego
(D) libido
(E) collective unconscious
46. After Rowena’s boyfriend broke up with her,
Rowena had a hot fudge sundae with four scoops
of ice cream and whipped cream on top. Which
defense mechanism does this exemplify?
(A) projection
(B) rationalization
(C) reaction formation
(D) regression
(E) displacement
47. Aurora enjoys playing with her young nieces and
nephews because they always laugh and tell her
how much fun she is. So Aurora goes out of her
way to visit them. Her behavior is best explained by
(A) Sternberg’s triarchic theory
(B) Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory
(C) Hering’s opponent process theory
(D) the halo effect
(E) Bandura’s reciprocal determinism theory
48. Rolf is very reserved, is inner-directed, would
rather be alone than with lots of people, rarely
displays emotions, and is level-headed in an
emergency. On Hans Eysenck’s dimensions of
personality, Rolf would be
(A) high on extroversion and high on psychoticism
(B) high on neuroticism and high on psychoticism
(C) high on extroversion and low on neuroticism
(D) low on extroversion and high on neuroticism
(E) low on extroversion and low on neuroticism
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