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- E—PET scans visualize changes in the brain as it
functions. While fMRI also shows changes in the
brain as it functions, MRI and CT scans show
structure only. - D—Our simplest behaviors are reflexes. Sneezing
and blinking are reflexes. - E—Adrenalin is a hormone that speeds up
breathing and heart rate, sends a message to
change stored food back to glucose, etc. The
sympathetic nervous system stimulates the same
changes in the body. - D—The center for sensation in the brain is the
somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex
located in the front of the parietal lobes. Nerves
carrying sensations from the right side of the body
cross over to the left side of the brain, so the most
probable site of damage is the left parietal lobe. - B—Interneurons are found in the brain and
spinal cord only. The others can be found in the
peripheral nervous system. - A—The pituitary gland, which is sometimes
called “the master gland,” produces many tropic
hormones that stimulate other glands, including
the adrenals, parathyroids, thyroid and ovaries.
9. C—Lesions are interruptions in tissue. While the
other choices may accompany wounds, tumors,
and strokes, they also may not. - D—Presence of the Y chromosome determines
the sex of a human baby. Of the choices, only
a Klinefelter’s child (XXY) must have a Y chro-
mosome. - B—The peripheral nervous system comprises the
autonomic nervous and somatic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into
the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
systems. - D—Motor neurons or efferent neurons cause
muscles to contract or glands to secrete. - E—The cerebellum functions in balance and
coordination. - C—Parkinson’s disease is associated with depletion
of cells that produce dopamine. - D—Pattern matching and picture and facial
recognition are all right hemispheric functions.
Biological Bases of Behavior ❮ 77❯ Rapid Review
Neuropsychologists—those who explore the relationships between brain/nervous
systems and behavior. Neuropsychologists are also called biopsychologists, behavioral
geneticists, physiological psychologists, and behavioral neuroscientists.
Studying patients with brain damage linked loss of structure with loss of function.
Lesions—precise destruction of brain tissue, enables more systematic study of the
loss of function resulting from surgical removal (also called ablation), cutting of neural
connections, or destruction by chemical applications.
CT scans and MRIs show structure.
Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT)—creates a computerized image using
x-rays passed through the brain to show structure and/or the extent of a lesion.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—creates more detailed computerized images
using a magnetic field and pulses of radio waves that cause emission of signals that
depend upon the density of tissue.
EEGs, PET scans and fMRIs show function.
EEG (electroencephalogram)—an amplified tracing of brain activity produced when
electrodes positioned over the scalp transmit signals about the brain’s electrical activity
(“brain waves”) to an electroencephalograph machine.