Childrens Illustrated Encyclopedia

turkey

534

Volcano Mountain Capital

city

Large

city/

town

Small

city/

town

Ancient

monument

N

S

W E

0

0 100 200

100 200

SCALE BAR

km

miles

Herding sHeep

Herds of angora goats, donkeys,

sheep, and horses graze on the bleak,

windswept plains of Central Turkey.

Once, this region was inhabited by

nomads who followed their herds

between the uplands in the summer

and the plains in the winter. Today,

only a few of their descendants live in

this way, as most people live in villages.

Cyprus

Area: 3,572 sq miles

(9,251 sq km)

Population: 1,189,000

Capital: nicosia

Languages: greek, Turkish

Religions: greek Orthodox,

Muslim

Currency: euro; Turkish lira

Turkey

Area: 302,535 sq miles

(783,562 sq km)

Population: 79,414,000

Capital: Ankara

Languages: Turkish,

kurdish, Arabic,

Circassian, Armenian,

greek, georgian, Ladino

Religion: Muslim

Currency: Turkish lira

AnATOLiAn pLAin

One quarter of Turkey lies at

heights of above 4,000 ft (1,220 m).

The center of the country is a high

upland consisting of plains and

mountains. Farming land is

restricted to fertile river valleys,

and most of the land is used for

grazing only. Winters are harsh;

average temperatures in January

are below freezing, and in some

parts of the east, winter snow cover

lasts for up to four months.

Cyprus

When Cyprus gained

independence from

Britain in 1959, there was

conflict between the greek- and

Turkish-speaking communities. A united nations peacekeeping

force was sent to the island. The island has been split in two

since a Turkish invasion in 1974. northern resorts, such as 

girne (above), attract increasing numbers of tourists.

eArTHquAkes

Turkey lies on a

major earthquake

fault line, and many

Turkish towns are

vulnerable to quakes.

in 1999, a major

quake hit izmit,

killing thousands.

ArMeniAn CHurCH

Armenians are Christians with their own ancient

language and culture. Many settled around

Lake Van in eastern Turkey. in 1915, in

the face of growing nationalism, the Turks

expelled the entire Armenian population,

and more than one million may have died.

Gulf of

Antalya

Sea of

Marmara

Dardanelles

Bosporus

B

l a c k

(^) S
e
a A e g e a n S e a
Mediterranean Sea^
Rhodes
Sámos
Ara
Çoruh^ Neh s^ Nehri^
ri^
Kelkit Çayi
Tig
ris
Kızıl
irm
ak^
Kı
zıli
rm
ak^
Za
m
an
ti^ I
rm
aê
i^ Mura
t^ Ne
hri^
Büyükm
ende
res^ N
ehri
Er
gene^ Nehri
Eup
hrate
s
Gediz^ Nehri
(^) Van
Tuz Gölü Gölü
Keban
Baraji
Bey§ehir
Gölü
G
R
E
E
C
E
B
U
LG
ARIA^
ARMENIA
AZ
ER
BA
IJ
AN
S
Y
R
I A
IRA
Q
I
R
A
N
GEORGIA
TURKEY
CYPRUS
Mount Ararat
5137m
Doê
u (^) Karadeniz^ D
aêl
ar
ı
Küre^ Daêları
A n a t o l i a
Ta
urus Mount
ai
ns
Gü
ne
y^
D o
êu
T o r os la
r
Ereêli Mardin
Siirt
Niêde
Aksaray
Afyon
Erzincan
Çanakkale Çankırı Tokat
Kars
Bolu
Giresun
Kastamonu Rize
Bafra
Nev§ehir Mu§
Aêri
Antakya
Mersin
Limassol
Larnaca
Girne
Antalya
Osmaniye
Denizli
Aydın
Batman
Diyarbakır
Malatya
Van
Manisa
Kayseri Elâzıê
Kütahya
Balıkesir Sivas
Kırıkkale
Erzurum
Çorum
Adapazarı Ordu Trabzon
Samsun
Zonguldak
Kirklareli
Tekirdag
flanlıurfa
ƒzmit
Eski§ehir
U§ak
Isparta
ƒskenderun
Kahraman Mara§
Ephesus
Bodrum
Adana
Gaziantep
Konya
Bursa
ƒzmir
ƒstanbul
ANKARA
NICOSIA
US_534_Turkey_2.indd 534 27/01/16 2:39 pm