Biology for ( Grade 10 )

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• Fermentation : the slow decomposition of organic matter into simpler
  substances in the presence of enzymes is known as fermentation. This
  process is used for preparation of alcoholic beverages in presence of
  yeast in the absence of oxygen. Glucose and fructose are converted to
  ethanol by this process. It is a type of anaerobic respiration.

8.1 (c) Difference Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

:

Aerobic Anaerobic

(i) It occurs in all living cells of higher

plants.

It occurs in bacteria, certain fungi,

germinatin seeds and fleshy fruits muscles.

(ii) It requires oxygen. Oxygen in not required

(iii) The end products are CO 2 and H 2 O. The end products are alcohol or lactic acidand CO

2.

(iv) The oxidation of one molecules of

glucose produces 38 ATP molecules.

The number of ATP molecules produced is

only 2.

(v) All the reactions except the reaction

of glycolysis take place inside

mitochondria.

All the reactions take place in cytoplasm.

(vi) Organic compounds are completely

oxides and high amount of energy is

realesed.

Organic compounds are incompletely

oxidized and very small amount of energy is

realesed

(vii) Non toxic to plants. Toxic to higher plants.

8.1 (d) Differences Between Respiration and Photosynthesis :

Respiration Photosynthesis

(i) It is a catabolic process.

(ii) Carbohydrates are oxidized.

(iii) Energy is liberated in the form

of ATP.

(iv) The amount of CO 2 in the air

increases during respiration.

(v) It takes place in all the living

cells, both green and non-green

(vii) Dry weight of plant decreases.

(viii) Oxidative phophorylation

It is an anabolic process.

Carbohydrates are synthesized.

Light energy is stored in the form of

glucose or chemical energy.

The amount of CO 2 in the air decrease

during photosynthesis.

It takes place only in chlorophyllous

cells.

Dry weight of plant increases.

Photophosphorylatin occurs.