INDEX 639Halley, Comet, 565, 566, 567, 572
Harmonice Mundi (Kepler), 64
The Harmony of the World (Kepler), 64
Haumea, 547
Heat, 127 , 128
Heat of formation, 410
Heliocentric universe, 58
Copernicus and, 58–61
Galileo and, 68–70
Helioseismology, 148 –149
Helix Nebula, 174
Heperian period, 488
Herschel, William
self defense by, 527
telescopes of, 526–527
Uranus discovery and, 526–528
Hinode satellite, 118
Hipparchus, 55
Hirayama, Kiyotsugu, 564
Hirayama families, 564
Hodges, E. Hulitt, 552
Hogans, 50
Holmes, Comet, 571
Horizon, 17
Horoscope, 25
Hot Jupiters, 418 –419
Hour Glass Nebula, 175
Hubble, Edwin
expanding universe and, 180–182
telescope named after, 117
Hubble Space Telescope, 117–118
Huygens, Christian, 512
Hydrogen, liquid metallic, 496
Hydrogen fusion, 151–152
Hygiea, 559
Hypothesis, 8, 66
biological evolution space, 589
capture/condensation/fi ssion, 454
catastrophic/evolutionary, 398, 400
data unifi cation via, 448
Milankovitch, 26–27, 438
moon origin, 454–455
nebular, 398–399
passing star, 398
proof/theory and, 183
testing by prediction and, 89I
Iapetus, 521–522
Ice ages, 25, 161
Ice line, 408
Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), 118
Infrared radiation, 100
human body emitting, 129
IRAS and, 118
telescopes, 107, 118Inhabited world probabilities, 597–599
INTEGRAL satellite, 119
Intelligent life
inhabited world probability and, 597–599
radio communication with, 595–596
space travel and, 595
Intensity, wavelength of maximum, 128 –129
Intensity ratio, 15–16
Interamnia, 559
Intercrater plains, 459
Interferometry, 112 , 115
Interior
of Earth, 429–431
of Jupiter, 496–497, 501–502
of Mars, 479, 487
of Mercury, 459–460
of moon, 451–452
of Neptune, 541
of Saturn, 511
of sun, 148–153
of Uranus, 529, 531–533
of Venus, 475–476
Interstellar medium (ISM), 168 , 168–169,
170–171
Inverse square law, 81
Io
atmosphere and, 507–508
history of, 509–510
magnetic fi eld and, 498
orbit of, 496, 497
structure of, 508
tidal heating of, 509
volcanoes of, 507–509
Io fl ux tube, 498
Io plasma torus, 498
IRAS.See Infrared Astronomical Satellite
Iron meteorites, 552 –553
Irregular galaxies, 177, 179
Irregular satellites, 495
Ishtar Terra, 474
ISM.See Interstellar mediumJ
James Webb Space Telescope, 118
Jenniskens, Peter, 565
Joules, 86
Jovian planets, 401 .See also Jupiter;
Neptune; Saturn; Uranus
atmospheres/satellite systems of, 495
building of, 411–412
characteristics of, 402–403
condensation sequence and, 412
life regarding, 593
misconceptions about, 495, 531
rings around, 413
travel guide to, 494–495Geosynchronous satellite, 82, 84
Giant, 172
Giant Magellan Telescope, 108, 109
GLAST. See Gamma-Ray Large Area Space
Telescope
Global Oscillation Network Group
(GONG), 149
Global warming, 437
albedo and, 437–438
greenhouse effect and, 437
misconceptions about, 438
GONG.See Global Oscillation Network
Group
Gossamer rings, 502
Grand Maximum, 164
Gran Telescopio Canarias, 108
Granulation, 144 –145
Grating, 113
Gravitational collapse, 410
Gravity. See also Motion
acceleration of, 77
asteroids and, 562, 563
Earth, 428
escape velocity and, 83, 85
general relativity theory and, 92–94
inverse square law and, 81
Jupiter, 496, 562–563
Kepler’s laws and, 83, 86–87
Mars, 477
Mercury, 455
misconceptions about, 82, 87
moon, 443
mutual gravitation and, 81–82
Neptune, 540
Newton and, 79–83, 86–90
orbit and, 82, 84–87
Principia and, 88–89
Saturn, 511
space-time curvature confi rmation and,
93–94
special relativity and, 90–92
tides and, 87–88
Uranus, 529
Venus, 465
Greece, astronomy of
Aristotle infl uencing, 54
logic/reason and, 52–53
philosophers infl uencing, 53
religion regarding, 52
Greenhouse effect, 436– 437 , 467, 475–476
Grooved terrain, 505
Ground state, 126
H
Habitable zone, 594
Hale-Bopp, Comet, 565