The Solar System

646 INDEX

Tidally coupled, 443 , 456–457
Tides, 87–88
Time. See also Space-time
football fi eld analogy of, 7
geologic, 589–592
Titan, 517–518, 593
Titania, 536
Tombaugh, Clyde, 544
Total lunar eclipse, 33, 36 , 37
Total solar eclipse, 38 , 39, 40–41
Transit, 417 –418
Transition, 130, 133
Travel, space, 595
Triton, 542–543
Trojan asteroids, 563
Tunguska event, 574–575
2MASS.See Two-Micron All
Sky Survey
Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), 109
Two New Sciences (Galilei), 78
Type I (gas tail), 566, 568
Type II (dust tail), 568

U
UFOs. See Unidentifi ed Flying Objects
Ultraviolet, 100
Umbra, 33
Umbriel, 537
Unidentifi ed Flying Objects (UFOs), 596.
See also Intelligent life
Uniform circular motion, 53, 53 , 55, 56,
59–61
Universal mutual gravitation. See Mutual
gravitation
Universe
age of, 7
expanding, 180–182
fi eld of view measuring, 2–7
geocentric, 54
heliocentric, 58–61, 68–70
life in, 595–599
misconceptions, 6
origin of, 180–182
Ptolemaic, 55, 57
Unseen world, studying, 430
Uranus
atmosphere of, 528–529

discovery of, 526–528

history of, 538

interior of, 529, 531–533

Jupiter/Saturn compared with, 533, 535,

538

layers of, 531

life regarding, 593

Mab/Portia and, 533

magnetic fi eld of, 531–532

Miranda and, 537–538

moons of, 533, 536–538

motion of, 528, 530

Neptune’s discovery regarding, 539

Oberon/Titania and, 536

occultation and, 533, 534

profi le of, 529

Ureilite meteorites, 565

Urey, Harold, 587

V

Valley networks, 483

Van Allen belts, 431

Velocity, 79 .See also Escape velocity

circular, 82, 84

radial, 139

Venting, comet, 567, 570

Venus

atmosphere of, 466–467

coronae and, 471, 474

cratering on, 468–469

Earth compared with, 465, 466, 469,

475–476

Galileo and, 69

as greenhouse, 467, 475–476

interior of, 475–476

Ishtar Terra on, 474

lava channels and, 471

life regarding, 593

maps of, 467–468

Maxwell and, 468

probes of, 467

profi le of, 465

rotation of, 412, 466, 475

shield volcanoes and, 470, 473

speculation about, 465

surface of, 467–469

volcanism on, 470–474

Vernal equinox, 23

Very Large Array (VLA), 115, 116

Very Large Telescope (VLT), 108, 112

Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), 115

Vesicular, 450

Vesta, 559, 561

Violent motion, 77

VLA. See Very Large Array

VLBA.See Very Long Baseline Array

VLT. See Very Large Telescope

Volcanoes

composite/shield, 470, 472

Earth, 470, 472–473

of Io, 507–509

Mars, 470, 473, 482–483

types of, 470, 472

Venus, 470–474

von Fraunhofer, Joseph, 123

W

War of the Worlds (Wells), 477

Water, Mars, 483–487

Water hole, 596

Wavelength, 99

Wavelength of maximum intensity,

128 –129

Weak force, 150

Welles, Orson, 477

Wells, H.G., 477

West point, 17

White dwarf, 172 , 175

Widmanstätten patterns, 552 –553

Wien’s law, 129

Wild II, Comet, 569, 570

Wind, solar, 147, 431–432

Winter solstice, 23 –24

X

X-ray Observatory, Chandra, 119

Y

Yearlong video example, 589

Z

Zeeman effect, 155, 157

Zenith, 17

Zodiac, 25