262 Index
bias, 209
BICEP2 telescope, 185, 189, 193
Big Bang, 88, 89, 99, 112, 154, 177, 241
nucleosynthesis, 16, 17, 111, 134
Big Crunch, 89
Big Rip, 245
binary star systems, 18, 67, 104
binding energy, 132
BIT (backwards in time) interpretation, 148
black holes, 4, 54, 76, 96, 124, 214, 226
creation of, 103
firewall paradox, 100
Kerr – Newmann black hole, 99
merging of, 101, 102
observations, 104
Reissner – Nordström black hole, 99
Schwarzschild black hole, 94, 96
blackbody spectrum, 116, 177
blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies, 139
blueshift, 30
Bohr orbits, 27
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 116
see alsoStefan – Boltzmann law
Boltzmann constant, 258
Bose, Satyendranath, 123
Bose distribution, 120
Bose – Einstein condensate (BEC), 215
bosons, 120, 123
Higgs, 122, 123, 144
scalar, 239
vector, 121, 122, 123, 144, 157
bottom – top scenario, 218
bouncing universe, 151, 169, 190
bound state, 132, 135
Bradley, James, 2
brane, 171, 214, 245, 248
Brans – Dicke theory, 107
Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs), 16
brightness
apparent, 42
surface, 9, 44, 73
brown dwarfs, 213
bubble universe, 151, 162, 167
Bullet cluster, 211
CDM paradigm, 218, 220
see alsocold dark matter
Cepheids, 5, 44, 73
Chandrasekhar mass, 18
chaotic inflation, 151, 159, 165
Chaplygin gas model, 246
charge conjugation, 145
charged current, 127
Chéseaux, Jean-Philippe Loys de, 8
classical mechanics, 19, 224
closed gravitational system, 8, 22
cluster flattening parameter, 210, 221
clusters, dark matter in, 208
CMB, 14, 175
polarization of, 185
reionization of, 191, 231
temperature anisotropies, 180, 223
see alsocosmic microwave background
radiation
COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer), 175,
178, 180, 184
cold dark matter, 215
collapsed stars, 213
collisional dissipation, 231
Coma cluster, 14, 44, 208
distance to, 257
comoving coordinates, 34, 35, 36
comoving distance, 37
comoving frame, 36
Compton scattering, 121, 129, 185
Compton wavelength, 101, 112
concordance model, 81, 151, 193, 235, 249
conformal time, 37
conformal transformation, 107
consensus inflation, 151, 158, 171
conservation laws, 122
consistency test, 14
contraction operation, 57
contravariant vector, 54
cooling plasma, 125
Copernican principle, 3, 22, 58
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 2
cored profile, 201
cosmic
censorship, 99
inflation, 112, 151
rays, 17, 143
scale factor, 13
shear field, 73, 74
strings, 156, 182
structures, 223
time, 36
cosmic distances and dimensions [listed],
257
cosmic microwave background (CMB)
radiation, 14, 175
discovery of, 176