268 Index
radiation intensity, 178, 188
radiation pressure, 87, 224, 231
radio signal delay, 67
radius of the Universe, 90, 165
rank, 55
Raychauduri equation, 82, 159, 247
reaction rate, 128
recession velocities, 12, 66
recombination, 134
recombination era, 129, 132, 153
recombination radiation, 129
recombination redshift, 134, 176
recombination time, 134, 176
red giant, 18
redshift, 28
cosmological, 13, 29, 40
distance, 42
Doppler, 30
and luminosity distance, 42
and proper distance, 40
reheating, 161, 168
of photon, 129
reionization, 134, 191
Reissner – Nordström black hole, 99
relativistic particles, 118
relativity
general, 6, 27, 49, 111
special, 25
relic^4 He abundance, 138
renormalization, 246
Ricci scalar, 58, 59, 82, 90, 107
Ricci tensor, 57, 82
Riemann, Bernhard, 4
Riemann tensor, 57, 82
Riemann’s zeta-function, 116
Robertson, Howard, 36
Robertson – Walker metric, 36, 56, 81, 107,
247
rotating galaxies, 3
RR Lyrae stars, 43
Sachs – Wolfe effect, 183
Saha equation, 133
Sakharov oscillations, 184
scalar spectral index, 169
scalar-tensor theories, 107
scale factor, 29, 30
Schwarzschild, Karl, 95
Schwarzschild black hole, 94, 96
Schwarzschild metric, 95, 100
Schwarzschild radius, 95, 97, 98 , 99, 104,
259
second cosmic velocity, 8
second law of thermodynamics, 116, 120,
130
second-order phase transition, 112
Shapiro, I. I., 67
Shapley, Harlow, 5
Shen, Yang, 4
Silk, J., 231
Silk damping, 231
silver, relativistic energies, 27
slicing, 164
Sloan Great Wall, 218, 219 , 257
slow-rolling conditions, 159, 243
snowballs, 213
solar constant(s), 148, 258
Solar System, 1 – 5, 15, 19, 30, 65, 143, 180,
204
solitons, 214
sound, velocity of, 229
space-time distance, 26
spacelike separation, 28
sparticles, 115
special relativity, 25
tests, 45
speed of light, 12, 13, 25, 54, 258
variable, 45
Spherical Collapse Model, 208
spin states, 187
longitudinal, 123
transversal, 123
spiral galaxies, 203, 204
standard candle, 18, 43
standard model, 114
star formation, 15, 139, 207, 221
starlight deflection, 66, 71
statistics, 14
Stefan, Josef, 116
Stefan – Boltzmann constant, 258
Stefan – Boltzmann law, 116
sterile neutrinos, 215, 218
Stokes parameters, 186, 187
stress – energy tensor, 60, 159, 238, 251
strong equivalence principle (SEP), 51,
69
strong lensing, 71
structure formation, 228
time, 232
structure size, 232