Introduction to Cosmology

Index 269

structure stimulation, 220
subconstituent models, 114
Sunyaev – Zel’dovich Effect (SZE), 191, 212,
231, 232
superclusters, 14, 41, 180, 209, 218
size, 257
superluminal photons, 54
supernovae, 5, 14, 15, 18, 76, 139
supersymmetry (SUSY), 115, 144, 215
surface-brightness fluctuations (SBFs), 44
synchrotron, 27

tachyons, 54, 245
Taylor,J.H.,68
technicolor forces, 115
temperature
anisotropies, CMB, 180, 223
autocorrelation function, 180
critical, 113, 161
fluctuations, 180, 185
multipole components, 182
scale, relation to timescale, 125
tensor, 30, 54
tensor field, 75
tensor spectral index, 169
thermal conductivity, 230
thermal death, 120
thermal equilibrium, 116
thermal history of the Universe, 111
thermodynamics
first law, 116
second law, 116, 120, 130
Thomson scattering, 129, 175, 185, 187,
231
threading, 164
tidal effect, 51
time dilation, 26
time reversal, 146
timelike separation, 28
timescale, 194
timescale test, 190
Tolman – Oppenheimer – Volkoff limit, 103
Tolman test, 44
top – bottom scenario, 218
topological defects, 156
tracking quintessence, 242
trigonometrical parallax, 42
tritium, 136
triton, 136
Tully – Fisher relation, 44

turnover time, 89

twin paradox, 67

two-point correlation function, 226

ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), 207

ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs), 207

Universal Rotation Curve, 204

universe

anti-de Sitter, 93

bouncing/cyclic/oscillating, 151, 169, 190

closed, 20, 37, 89

contracting, 8, 13, 22, 89

de Sitter, 93, 94, 162, 243

Einstein, 84, 93

Einstein – de Sitter, 83, 89, 157, 190

expanding, 8, 12, 13, 20, 21, 89

Friedmann, 94

Friedmann – Lemaˆıtre, 81, 84

inflationary, 160

Newtonian, 19

open, 20, 38

steady state theory, 89

thermal history, 111

vacuum energy, 85, 87, 152, 168, 193

vacuum energy density, 93

vacuum energy pressure, 87, 239

vector bosons, 121, 122, 123, 144,

157

Virgo supercluster, 14, 41, 44, 76, 202

virial equilibrium, 232

virial theorem, 200

applications, 208

virially bound systems, 200

virtual particles, 101

virtual photons, 121

viscous fluid approximation, 224

visibility limit, 218

Walker, Arthur, 36

see alsoRobertson – Walker metric

warm dark matter, 218

wavenumber, 181

WDM, 218

weak equivalence principle (WEP), 51

weak field limit, 61

weak interaction, 121

weak lensing, 69, 71, 74

Weyl, Hermann, 37

Wheeler, John A., 96