Evolution And History

136 CHAPTER 6 | Macroevolution and the Early Primates Eurasia. Once joined through the region of what is now the Middle East and ...

Miocene Apes 137 that humans originated entirely in Africa. European scien- tists in the early 20th century therefore concentrat ...

138 CHAPTER 6 | Macroevolution and the Early Primates antibodies directed against it. Antibodies are proteins produced by organi ...

Miocene Apes 139 Anthropologist of Note Allan Wilson Though a biochemist by training, New Zealander Allan Wilson has made key co ...

140 CHAPTER 6 | Macroevolution and the Early Primates Miocene Apes and Human Origins As described above, determining which Mioce ...

Miocene Apes and Human Origins 141 the face of the Toumai specimen, indicating its status as a member of the human evolutionary ...

142 CHAPTER 6 | Macroevolution and the Early Primates Questions for Reflection How can evolutionary studies attract public atte ...

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Challenge Issue In the fall of 2009, a dramatic paleoanthropological find was an- nounced: a remarkably complete skeleton of a p ...

145 CHAPTER 7 The First Bipeds Chapter Preview Who Were the First Bipeds, and What Were They Like? The fossil record indicates t ...

146 CHAPTER 7 | The First Bipeds Though genetic evidence established that the human line diverged from those leading to chimpanz ...

The Anatomy of Bipedalism 147 The shape of the pelvis also differs considerably be- tween bipeds and other apes. Rather than an ...

148 CHAPTER 7 | The First Bipeds The remarkably complete remains of Ardipithecus ramidus have allowed paleoanthropologists to be ...

Ardipithecus 149 Anthropologists of Note Louis S. B. Leakey Few figures in the history of paleoanthropology discovered so many k ...

150 CHAPTER 7 | The First Bipeds the scientific community was not ready to accept the notion of a small-brained African ancestor ...

Australopithecus 151 with a large brain and an apelike face. Fortunately, the self-correcting nature of science has prevailed, e ...

152 CHAPTER 7 | The First Bipeds The Pliocene Environment and Hominin Diversity As described in the previous chapter, the Miocen ...

The Pliocene Environment and Hominin Diversity 153 in other australopithecines and humans, the enamel in the molar teeth is thic ...

154 CHAPTER 7 | The First Bipeds 1.6 meters (3½–5 feet) and 29 and 45 kilograms (64–100 pounds), respectively.^2 If paleoanthrop ...

The Pliocene Environment and Hominin Diversity 155 addition, a forearm bone from Lucy, which is relatively shorter than that of ...