Evolution And History

Preface xxxiii

significantly expanded section on the impact of environ-

mental estrogens on human disease. Our emphasis on the

relationship between economics and fertility in women

continues. Several of the straightforward biological ad-

aptations also explored in this chapter are now supported

with new figures, including an illustration of the relation-

ship between altitude and partial pressure of oxygen and

illustrations of Bergmann’s rule and Allen’s rule. In addi-

tion, a new section explores the highly topical issue of vac-

cinations and so-called pox parties.

The work of reproductive ecologist Peter Ellison link-

ing human fertility to the environment is featured in the

Anthropologist of Note box. Cross-cultural differences in

sickness categories are featured in Katherine Dettwyler’s

stirring piece on infection, malnutrition, and Down syn-

drome. The Biocultural Connection features the impact

of industrial farming pesticides on child development.

Throughout this chapter, we explore the biocultural theme

characteristic of the entire text as connections are drawn

between human health and political and economic forces

both globally and locally.

Supplements

Evolution and Prehistory comes with a comprehensive

supplements program to help instructors create an effec-

tive learning environment both inside and outside the

classroom and to aid students in mastering the material.

Supplements for Instructors

ONLINE INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL AND TEST BANK

The Instructor’s Manual offers detailed chapter outlines,

lecture suggestions, key terms, and student activities such

as video exercises and Internet exercises. In addition,

there are over seventy-five chapter test questions includ-

ing multiple choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, short

answer, and essay.

POWERLECTURE WITH JOININ™ AND EXAMVIEW®

On CD or DVD, this one-stop class preparation tool con-

tains ready-to-use Microsoft PowerPoint® slides, enabling

you to assemble, edit, publish, and present custom lec-

tures with ease. PowerLecture helps you bring together

text-specific lecture outlines and art from Haviland’s text

along with videos and your own materials—culminating

in powerful, personalized, media-enhanced presenta-

tions. The JoinIn™ content (for use with most “clicker”

systems) available within PowerLecture delivers instant

classroom assessment and active learning. Take polls

and attendance, quiz, and invite students to actively par-

ticipate while they learn. Featuring automatic grading,

social stratification and disease are expanded to include both

the impact within a given society and the effects of conquest.

This expanded coverage includes the impact of infectious

disease brought about by European colonizers of the Ameri-

cas, we include a new Biocultural Connection from Charles

Mann’s book 1491. The chapter’s Anthropology Applied box

and Globalscape both feature the link between contemporary

military action and preservation of ancient cultural heritage.

CHAPTER 12: MODERN HUMAN DIVERSITY: RACE

AND RACISM

This chapter gives an overview of race and racism, in the

science of the past as well as current problems. With the

politics of diversity changing globally, an understanding

of the true nature of biological variation has become indis-

pensable. The contributions of anthropology to debunk-

ing race as a biological category—starting with the work of

Franz Boas and Ashley Montagu—are complemented by the

contemporary work of cutting-edge biological anthropolo-

gists such as Jonathan Marks (Original Study) and Fatimah

Jackson (Anthropologist of Note). We emphasize the inter-

action of the cultural and biological throughout the chapter

in topics ranging from skin color to intelligence to G-6-PD

deficiency as detailed in the Biocultural Connection.

With this edition, we include the history of the

Mexican casta system and the contemporary tragedy of

Rwandan genocide. The section on race and human evolu-

tion is expanded and includes a discussion of scientific and

pseudo-scientific attempts to predict behavior by physical

phenotypic characteristics. The section concludes with

neurological research dealing with the brain and stereo-

typical thinking. Informative new illustrations include a

demonstration of the differences between a normal female

pelvis and one deformed by bone disease and a contempo-

rary graphic artist’s views on 19th- and early 20th-century

racial hierarchies.

CHAPTER 13: HUMAN ADAPTATION TO A

CHANGING WORLD

From battles between local farmers and multinational cor-

porations for water rights in India to new findings on the

toxic effects of plastics, this chapter continues to engage with

the ways humans adapt to the human-made environment.

The chapter weaves together the anthropological study of

adaptation by biological and medical anthropologists with

advanced work in evolutionary medicine and the political

ecology of health and disease. It examines the way that hu-

man alteration of the environment is leading to disease in

our species and how political and social forces impact the

distribution of health and disease in human populations.

New to this chapter are global flows of HIV/AIDS

and prevention strategies and a Globalscape concerning

an initiative incorporating public health education into

radio and television soap operas. This edition features a

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