Evolution And History

Map Index

Evolution and Prehistory: Th e Human Challenge includes

a rich map program comprised of two general types of

maps: distribution and frequency maps and site locator

maps. With these maps, it is our hope that we are able

to foster not only a broader understanding of geography

but also a stronger sense of the global nature of the world

in which we live. In addition, we begin the text with a

tried and true feature entitled “Putting the World in

Perspective.” Th is feature illustrates the ways in which

cultural values and beliefs infl uence map making and

how culturally informed maps, in turn, infl uence the

ways in which people see their world.

Putting the World in Perspective

A Comparison of the Mercator, Mollweide, Van der Grinten,

and Robinson Projections vi

The Robinson Projection viii–ix

The Peters Projection x–xi

Distribution and Frequency Maps

Global Distribution of the Sickle Cell Allele and Malaria 49

The Biogeography of Primates 54

The Position of the Continents During Several Geological

Periods 130

Locations of Australopithecine Fossils 152

The Changing Vegetation Zones of Africa 166

The Spread of Homo from Africa to Eurasia 181

The Development of Upper Paleolithic Technology 211

The Habitation of Australia and New Guinea 222

Beringia 225

The Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia 234

Early Plant and Animal Domestication 238

Independent Development of Major Early Civilizations Globally 255

Locations of Early Written Records 266

World Distribution of A, B, O Blood Types 289

The Geographic Distribution of Skin Pigmentation Before 1492 293

The Frequency of Type B Blood in Europe 294

Europeans

Europeans

Africans

AsiansSouth Chinese

Chinese

and CanadiansAmericans EuropeanJews

Russians

Mexicansand CentralAmericans

(Cubans, Haitians,Puerto Ricans)Caribbeans

SoutheastAsians Southeast Asians

Japanese Map xii–xiii

The Turnabout Map xiv

Site Locator Maps

The Altiplano, Chile 9

Sudan 13

KwaZulu-Natal Province, South

Africa 19

Arnhem Land, Australia 20

Pingelap, Micronesia 43

Madagascar 67

Minas Gerias, Brazil 68

Gombe Stream National Park,

Tanzania 78

Japan 92

Tai National Park, Ivory Coast 94

Barrow, Alaska, United States 103

Machu Picchu and Nazca, Peru 106

Vermont, United States 110

Lake Turkana, Kenya 168

Afar Triangle, East Africa 175

Dmanisi, Georgia 184

Kao Poh Nam, Thailand 187

Island of Flores, Indonesia 189

Quercy Region, France 218

Yuchanyan Cave, China 231

Iranduba, Amazônas State, Brazil 240

Kalahari Desert, South Africa 243

Stonehenge,

England 247

Çatalhöyük,

Turkey 255

Mohenjo Daro,

Pakistan 257

Tikal, Guatemala 257

El Pilar, Belize/Guatemala 260

Andaman Islands, India 296

Mali, West Africa 310

Papua New Guinea 315

Yaqui River, Mexico 319

CHINA

MYANMAR

INDIA

BHUTAN

BANGLADESH

SRILANKA

AFGHANISTANPAKISTAN NE

PAL

IndianOcean

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