Visualizing Environmental Science

PROCESS DIAGRAM

PROCESS DIAGRAM

Population Responses to Changing Conditions over Time: Evolution 149

South

America

Santiago

Santa Cruz

Santa Fe

Isabela San Cristobal

Fernandina

Galápagos Islands

Pinta Marchena

Genovesa

Tortuga

Santa Maria Española

Grassquit finch (seeds)

Small ground finch

(soft seeds)

Large ground finch

(hard seeds)

Woodpecker finch

(insects)

Medium ground finch Warbler finch (insects)

(moderate seeds)

(^1) Ancestral species begins
in Ecuador. There is only
one finch species now in
Ecuador.
(^2) Ancestral species
reaches the
Galápagos Islands.
(^3) Modern species descend
from ancestral species.
(^4) The apparently related species on the Galápagos Islands
have different beak shapes and different diets. Darwin
reasoned that finches that colonized from the mainland had
changed as the birds, now geographically isolated from
each other, adapted to different diets.
Ecuador
Pacific
Ocean
Galápagos
Islands
Cactus finch (cactus)
Adapted from Figure 14.11 on p. 428 in B. W.
Murck, B. J. Skinner, and D. Mackenzie.
Visualizing Geology, Hoboken, NJ:
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2008)
TIM LAMAN/NG Image Collection
FLPA/Alamy Limited
© Christopher Vernon-Parry/Alamy
© Images & Stories/Alamy
Tierbild Okapia/Science Source Images
Eric Hosking/Science Source Images
J. DFigurening/VIREO
Which of the species shown have
similar beaks? Is this reflected in their diet similarities?
Think Critically
Charles Darwin was a ship’s naturalist on a 5-year voyage around the world. During an extended stay
in the Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, he studied the plants and animals of each island,
including 14 species of finches.
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