Contents xxxiiiInSight Features
These multipart visual presentations focus on a key
concept or topic in the chapter.
Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
A Plan for Sustainable Living
Chapter 3
Economics and the Environment
Chapter 4
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
Chapter 5
Symbiotic
Relationships
Chapter 6
How Climate Shapes
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Evidence for
Evolution
Chapter 7
Demographics of
Countries
Chapter 8
The Atmosphere
Chapter 9
The Effects of Global
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The Effects of Acid
Deposition
Chapter 10
Water Conservation
Chapter 11
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Chapter 12
Soil Conservation
Chapter 13
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Chapter 14
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Chapter 15
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Chapter 16
Recycling in the United States
Chapter 17
The Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon Oil Spills
Chapter 18
Wind Energy
Process Diagram
These series or combinations of figures and photos
des cribe and depict a complex process.
Chapter 1
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Addressing Environmental
Problems
Chapter 2
Cascading Responses of
Increased Carbon Dioxide
Through the Environment
Chapter 3
Environmental Impact
Statements
Chapter 4
Four Steps for Risk Assessment
Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Secondary Succession on an Abandoned Field in North Carolina
Chapter 8
The Coriolis Effect
Chapter 9
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Greenhouse Effect
Chapter 10
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Secondary Sewage Treatment
Chapter 11
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Chapter 12
The Rock Cycle
Chapter 13
Role of Forests in the Hydrologic Cycle
Chapter 14
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Engineering
Chapter 16
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Management
Chapter 17
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Reactor
Chapter 18
Active Solar Water HeatingHuman populatioincreasenchangeClimate (habitat loss)Lachangend-use)
PollutionOv(forereoverfishing) examplexploitation,InspecievasivesIncreasingeconomiactivityc biologicalDecdiverliningsity technologyIncreaseuse ofdSocial, political, andcultural factors(^350300)
(^250200)
Number of elephants^150100
(^500)
1965–69 1975–79 1985–89Period 1995–99 2005–09
Population APopulation BPopulation CPopulation D
Frans Lanting/Mint Images/ Getty Images
Philippe Bouché, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, George Wittemyer, Aimé J. Nianogo, Jean-Louis Doucet, Philippe Lejeune, Cédric Vermeulen. “Will elephants soon disappear from West African Savannahs?” PLOS One, June 22, 2011.
Scott S. Warren/NG Image Collection
a. Causes of Declining Biological Diversity. In this highly simplified diagram, indirect causes (tan) interact with and amplify the effects of one another and of direct causes
(gray). All of these factors interact in complex ways. b. Destruction of the World’s Wildlife Habitats. This tiny island, located in the Panama Canal, was once a hilltop in a forest that was flooded when the Panama Canal was constructed.
c. Isolating Wildlife Roads and agricultural lands effectively isolate the scattered remnants, or Habitats.
“islands,” of forest. Photographed in Paraná State, Brazil.
d. Evidence of Land-Use Conflicts.Four West African elephant populations declined in a region where they compete for space with humans, 1965–2009.
LocatorGlobal
NG MapsBRAZIL
PANAMA CANAL
Environmental InSightThreats to biodiversityUÊ }ÕÀiÊ£x°È^ THE PLANNER
Interpreting DataHow contribute to declining biological might increased use of technology
diversity?
PROCESS DIAGRAM
Air (CO 7752 )
Photosynthesisby land plants
CODissolved (^2) 38,100 in water
compactionto form rockBurial and
(limestone)
Erosion oflimestone
living organismscompounds inChemical
Coal Natural gasOil
1500 Soil plant remains (ancient trees)decomposedPartly marine organismsRemains ofunicellularancient
plant respirationAnimal andmicroorganismrespirationSoil Decompositionrespiration)(involves
Coal
Carbon incorporated into shells of marine organisms
Combustion (humancoal, oil, naturaland natural) of
gas, and wood
(Total fossil fuels: 3456) Values are from Schlesinger, W. H.
Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change
, 2nd edition.
Academic Press, San Diego (1997) and based on several sources; some values are from theU.S. Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center.
The movement of carbon between the abiotic environment (the atmosphere and ocean) and living organisms is known as the carbon cycle. Because proteins, carbohydrates, and other living molecules contain carbon, the process is essential to life. Sedimentary rocks
and fossil fuels hold almost all of Earth’s estimated 10some of the active pools in the global carbon budget are expressed as 10For example, the soil contains an estimated 1500 x 10 2315 g of carbon. The values shown for g of carbon. 15 g of carbon.
considering removing a large forest. What impact, if any, would this have on the carbon cycle? What would A manufacturing company is
be the effects, if any, if the wood from those trees were used as fuel?
Think Critically
THE PLANNER