Visualizing Environmental Science

408 CHAPTER 16 Solid and Hazardous Waste

THE PLANNER

PROCESS DIAGRAM

the three Rs of waste prevention (reduce, reuse, and recy-

cle), are incorporated into an overall waste management

plan (Figure 16.10). Even on a large scale, recycling and

source reduction will not entirely eliminate the need for

disposal facilities such as incinerators and landfills. How-

ever, recycling and source reduction will substantially

reduce the amount of solid waste requiring disposal in

incinerators and landfills.

1. What is source reduction?


2. How do source reduction, reuse, and recycling
   reduce the volume of solid waste?


3. What is integrated waste management?

garden hoses, and other consumer products; and rubber-

ized asphalt for pavement. More recently, rubber from old

tires has been used to make carpets, roofing materials,

and molded products. Research in product development

continues, and almost all states now have tire-recycling pro-

grams. As noted earlier in this chapter, tires are also burned

in waste-to-energy incinerators to produce electricity.

Integrated Waste

Management

The most effective way to deal with

solid waste is with a combination

of techniques. In integrated waste

management, a variety of waste

minimization methods, including

integrated waste

management

A combination of

the best waste

management

techniques into a

consolidated program

to deal effectively

with solid waste.

(^1) Source reduction
2
Products
Paper Glass Metal Plastic Food/
yard
waste
Residue
(mixed
waste)
Hazardous
waste
Raw materials
Processing and
manufacturing
To primary manufacturers for reuse
or recycling for new products
Compost
Fertilizer
Incinerator
Landfill
Hazardous
waste
management
4
3
5
Wastes separated
at source
Consumption by households and businesses
Source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting are part of integrated waste management,
in addition to incineration and disposal in landfills.
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✓✓THE PLANNER