Visualizing Environmental Science

419

Emory

River

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1966 1976 1986

Year

1996 2006 2009

Coal consumption (million metric tons)Fly ash production Fly ash production (million metric tons)

Coal consumption

Coal consumption and fly ash production in the United
States, 1966 to 2009

Based on data from the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Departmentof Energy.

Tennessee Valley Authority

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Energy Consumption 420

Coal 421

s Coal Mining

s Environmental Impacts of Coal

s Making Coal Cleaner

Oil and Natural Gas 423

s Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas

s Environmental Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas

■ Environmental InSight: The Exxon Valdez and

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spills

Nuclear Energy 430

s Conventional Nuclear Fission

s Nuclear Energy and Fossil Fuels

s Safety and Accidents in Nuclear Power Plants

s The Link Between Nuclear Energy and

Nuclear Weapons

s Radioactive Wastes

■ What a Scientist Sees: Yucca Mountain

■ EnviroDiscovery: A Nuclear Waste Nightmare

s Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants

■ Case Study: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

CHAPTER PLANNER✓✓

❑ Study the picture and read the opening story.

❑ Scan the Learning Objectives in each section:

p. 420 ❑ p. 421 ❑ p. 423 ❑ p. 430 ❑

❑ Read the text and study all figures and visuals.

Answer any questions.

Analyze key features

❑ Process Diagram, p. 424 ❑ p. 431 ❑ p. 433 ❑

❑ National Geographic Map, pp. 426–427

❑ Environmental InSight, p. 429

❑ What a Scientist Sees, p. 437

❑ EnviroDiscovery, p. 438

❑ Case Study, p. 439

❑ Stop: Answer the Concept Checks before you go on:

p. 420 ❑ p. 423 ❑ p. 430 ❑ p. 438 ❑

End of Chapter

❑ Review the Summary and Key Terms.

❑ Answer What is happening in this picture?

❑ Answer the Critical and Creative Thinking Questions.

Interpreting Data Question

Did the amount of fly ash produced for each ton of

coal consumed remain constant over this time span?