Graphing Appendix 471
Year
Million metric tons of seafood
0
50
100
150
200
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Aquaculture production
World seafood harvest, 1950–2012
Wild catch
FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (2012).
Urban
Rural Urban Urban
Rural
Rural
Ethiopia Turkey France
Based on data from Population Reference Bureau.
Figure A.10
Urbanization varies from one country to
another. Which countries are mostly urban? Which countries
are mostly rural?
Think Critically
- Which of the four pollutants illustrated in the bar
graphs below shows the greatest decline from
Location 1 to Location 2? Suppose a scientist
hypothesized that the overall level of air pollution
at Location 2 will be lower than at Location 1. Do
the data presented in these bar graphs support this
hypothesis? Why or why not?
2. Study the line graph below, then devise two original
questions that further explore some aspect of the
patterns revealed by this graph. What would you
hypothesize the answer to each of your questions
will be, and why? What data would you collect to
investigate your questions and test your hypotheses,
and how would you graph each of these data sets?
associated with high urbanization rates because there is
nowhere else for all those people to go. However, others
might hypothesize that high population growth rates are
associated with low urbanization rates because people in
urban areas tend to have fewer children than people in
rural areas.
To investigate this question, we could collect urban-
ization and population growth data for different areas
within a given country, across many different countries,
or both. In each case, we could visualize these data by
constructing a line graph with “population growth rate”
(the independent variable) on the x-axis and “urbaniza-
tion (the dependent variable) on the y-axis. If the line
connecting the data points on this graph ran uphill, we
would conclude that urbanization appears to increase
with population. Conversely, if this line ran downhill, we
would conclude that urbanization appears to decrease
with population growth. If the line was flat, we would
conclude that there is no consistent relationship be-
tween population growth and urbanization.
related to the material presented in this chapter. For in-
stance, we could ask whether the amount of urbanization
depends on the rate of human population growth. Some
might hypothesize that high population growth rates are
