1130 LUDWIGWITTGENSTEIN
Among the many general introductions to Wittgenstein’s life and thought,
Anthony Kenney,Wittgenstein(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973)
still provides one of the best. Also helpful are George Pitcher,The Philosophy of
Wittgenstein(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1964); David Pears,Ludwig
Wittgenstein(New York: Viking Press, 1970); A.J. Ayer,Wittgenstein(Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1985); P.M.S. Hacker,Wittgenstein’s Place in
Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1996);
P.M.S. Hacker,Wittgenstein(London: Routledge, 1999); and Mark Addis,
Wittgenstein: A Guide for the Perplexed(London: Continuum, 2006). Norman
Malcolm,Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir(London: Oxford University Press,
1958); K.T. Fann, ed.,Wittgenstein: The Man and His Philosophy(New York:
Delta, 1967); and O.K. Bouwsma,Wittgenstein: Conversations, 1949–1951
(Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1986) all provide personal memoirs, whereas Allan
Janik and Stephen Toulmin,Wittgenstein’s Vienna(New York: Simon & Schuster,
1973) and Ray Monk,Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius(New York:
Penguin Books, 1992) give biographies. For guides to Wittgenstein’s two major
works, see G.E.M. Anscombe,An Introduction to Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus”
(London: Hillary House, 1959); H.O. Mounce,Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus”
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981); Eli Friedlander,Signs of Sense:
Reading Wittgenstein:Tractatus (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2000); Ian Proops,Logic and Language in Wittgenstein’sTractatus (New York:
Garland, 2000); Alfred Nordmann,Wittgenstein’sTractatus:An Introduction
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005); Roger M. White,Wittgenstein’s
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus:A Reader’s Guide(London: Continuum, 2007);
Garth Hallett,A Companion to Wittgenstein’s “Philosophical Investigations”
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977); Marie McGinn, Routledge
Philosophy Guidebook to Wittgenstein and the Philosophical Investigations
(Oxford: Routledge, 1997); William H. Brenner,Wittgenstein’sPhilosophical
Investigations (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1999); Andrew Lugg,Wittgenstein’s
Investigations 1–132:A Guide and Interpretation(London: Routledge, 2000); and
David G. Stern,Wittgenstein’sPhilosophical Investigations:An Introduction
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). Hans-Johann Glock, A
Wittgenstein Dictionary(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1995) provides a useful refer-
ence work. Collections of essays include Irving Copi, ed., Essays on
Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus”(New York: Macmillan, 1966); George Pitcher, ed.,
Wittgenstein’s “Investigations”(Garden City, NY: Anchor Doubleday, 1966);
Peter A. French, Theodore E. Uehling, Jr., and Howard K. Wettstein, eds.,The
Wittgenstein Legacy(Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992);
Robert L. Arrington and Johann Glock, eds.,Wittgenstein and Quine(Oxford:
Routledge, 1996); Hans Sluga and David G. Stern, eds.,The Cambridge
Companion to Wittgenstein(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996);
Alice Crary and Rupert Read, eds.,The New Wittgenstein(London: Routledge,
2000); Robert L. Arrington and Mark Addis, eds.,Wittegenstein and Philosophy of
Religion(London: Routledge, 2001); Naomi Scheman and Peg O’Connor, eds.,
Feminist Interpretations of Ludwig Wittgenstein Heidegger(College Park, PA:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002); and Meredith Williams, ed.,
Wittgenstein’sPhilosophical Investigations:Critical Essays (Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
