in the Roman World(London: Thames & Hudson, 1974). For a discussion of
Christian beliefs in their historical context, see J.N.D. Kelly,Early Christian
Doctrines, 5th edition (London: Black, 1978). For basic introductions to traditional
Christian beliefs, see John R.W. Stott,Basic Christianity(Downers Grove, IL:
Inter-Varsity Press, 1971), and Hans Küng,On Being a Christian, translated by
Edward Quinn (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976).
Étienne Gilson’s work,History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages
(New York: Random House, 1955), is the classic study of this time period, while
Maurice De Wulf,History of Mediaeval Philosophy(New York: Dover, 1952);
Armand A. Maurer,Medieval Philosophy(New York: Random House, 1962);
Michael Haren,Medieval Thought: The Western Intellectual Tradition from Antiquity
to the Thirteenth Century(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985); B.B. Price,Medieval
Thought(Oxford: Blackwell, 1992); John Marenbon, ed.,Medieval Philosophy
(London: Routledge, 2003); and John Marenbon,Medieval Philosophy: An
Introduction(London: Routledge, 2006) are also useful. Frederick Copleston’s work
on medieval philosophy includes several volumes of his multi-volume set,A History
of Philosophy(1950; reprinted Garden City, NY: Image Doubleday, 1962–1963), as
well as the later single volume,A History of Medieval Philosophy(New York:
Harper & Row, 1972). Hans-Werner Goetz,Life in the Middle Ages, translated by
Albert Wimmer (Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1994) provides his-
torical context. For general essays on this period, see Jorge J.E. Garcia and Timothy
B. Noone, eds.,A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages(Oxford: Blackwell,
2003) and A.S. McGrade, ed.,The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
For books specifically on the early medieval period, see A.H. Armstrong, ed.,
The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967); and John Marenbon,Early
Medieval Philosophy (480–1150): An Introduction(London: Routledge & Kegan
Paul, 1983). For books on the later medieval period, see Ray C. Petry, ed.,Late
Medieval Mysticism(Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1957); Gordon Leff,The
Dissolution of the Medieval Outlook: An Essay on Intellectual and Spiritual
Change in the Fourteenth Century(New York: New York University Press, 1976);
Norman Kretzmann et al., eds.,The Cambridge History of Later Medieval
Philosophy: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Disintegration of
Scholasticism 1100–1600(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982); and
John Marenbon,Later Medieval Philosophy (1150–1350): An Introduction
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987).
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