Taylor’s massive Hegel(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975) can be
consulted for particular topics. For specialized topics, see Ivan Soll,An Introduction
to Hegel’s Metaphysics(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969); Walter
Kaufmann, ed.,Hegel’s Political Philosophy(New York: Atherton Press, 1970);
Quentin Lauer,Hegel’s Idea of Philosophy(New York: Fordham University Press,
1971); Quentin Lauer,A Reading of Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit”(New
York: Fordham University Press, 1976); Robert C. Solomon,From Hegel to
Existentialism(New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); Merold Westphal,
History and Truth in Hegel’s “Phenomenology” (Atlantic Highlands, NJ:
Humanities Press, 1990); H.S. Harris,Hegel: Phenomenology and System
(Cambridge, MA: Hackett, 1995); John Russon,The Self and Its Body in Hegel’s
Phenomenology of Spirit (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997); Joseph
McCarney,Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel on History(London:
Routledge, 2000); Robert Stern,Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the
Phenomenology of Spirit (London: Routledge, 2002); and Howard Kainz,Hegel’s
Phenomenology of Spirit:Not Missing the Trees for the Forest(Lanham, MD:
Lexington Books, 2008). Karl Marx,Critique of Hegel’s “Philosophy of Right,”
edited by Joseph O’Malley (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970) is both
a critical review of Hegel’s work and a major work in its own right. Michael
Inwood,A Hegel Dictionary(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992) provides a useful ref-
erence work. General collections of critical essays include W.E. Steinkraus, ed.,
New Studies in Hegel’s Philosophy(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971);
Alasdair MacIntyre, ed.,Hegel: A Collection of Critical Essays(Notre Dame, IN:
University of Notre Dame Press, 1972); Michael Inwood, ed.,Hegel(Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1985); Frederick C. Beiser, ed., The Cambridge
Companion to Hegel(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993); the multi-
volume Robert Stern, ed.,G.W.F. Hegel: Critical Assessments(London: Routledge,
1993); Patricia Jagentowicz Mills, ed.,Feminist Interpretations of Hegel(College
Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996); and Michael Baur and John
Russon, eds.,Hegel and the Tradition(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998).910 G.W.F. HEGEL
PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT
INDEPENDENCE ANDDEPENDENCE OFSELF-CONSCIOUSNESS:
RELATIONS OFMASTER ANDSERVANT
Self-consciousness is inand for itselfin and through being in and for itself for another
self-consciousness; that is, it is only as something acknowledged, or recognized. The
concept of this unity of self-consciousness in its duplication, of the infinitude realising
itself in self-consciousness, is a many-sided and many-sensed complex, so that the
Hegel,Phenomenology of Spirit (B, IV, A: “Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness: Relations
of Master and Servant”). Translated by J.L.H. Thomas. Reprinted from Hegel: Selections,edited by
M.J. Inwood,The Great Philosophers series, Paul Edwards, general editor (New York: Macmillan, 1989).