References 83LeBoeuf, B. J. (1974). Male-male competition and reproductive
success in elephant seals. American Zoologist, 14,163–176.
Lehrman, D. S. (1953). A critique of Konrad Lorenz’s theory of in-
stinctive behavior.Quarterly Review of Biology, 28,337–363.
Lockard, R. B. (1971). Reflections on the rise and fall of compara-
tive psychology: Is there a lesson for us all? American Psychol-
ogist, 26,168–179.
Lorenz, K. Z. (1950). The comparative method in studying innate
behavior patterns. In J. F. Danielli & R. Brown (Eds.), Physio-
logical mechanisms in animal behavior(pp. 221–268). New
York: Academic Press.
Maier, N. R. F. (1937). Reasoning in rats and human beings.
Psychological Review, 44,365–378.
Maier, N. R. F., & Schneirla, T. C. (1935). Principles of animal
psychology.New York: McGraw-Hill.
Markowitz, H. (1982). Behavioral enrichment in the zoo.New York:
Van Nostrand.
McGill, T. E., Dewsbury, D. A., & Sachs, B. D. (Eds.). (1978). Sex
and behavior: Status and prospectus.New York: Plenum Press.
Mellgren, R. L., & Mann, M. A. (1998). Sea turtles. In G. Greenberg
& M. M. Haraway (Eds.), Comparative psychology: A handbook
(pp. 473–476). New York: Garland.
Miles, W. (1930). On the history of research with rats and mazes: A
collection of notes. Journal of General Psychology, 3,324–337.
Mills, W. (1899). The nature of intelligence and the methods of
investigating it. Psychological Review, 6,262–274.
Morgan, C. L. (1894). An introduction to comparative psychology.
London: Walter Scott.
Moss, F. A. (Ed.). (1934). Comparative psychology.New York:
Prentice-Hall.
Mountjoy, P. T. (1980). An historical approach to comparative
psychology. In M. R. Denny (Ed.), Comparative psychology: An
evolutionary analysis of behavior(pp. 128–152). New York:
Wiley.
Munn, N. L. (1933). An introduction to animal psychology: The
behavior of the rat.Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Münsterberg, H. (1911, January 30). Letter to President, A. L.
Lowell(Hugo Münsterberg papers). Boston: Boston Public
Library.
Newbury, E. (1954). Current interpretation and significance of
Lloyd Morgan’s canon. Psychological Bulletin, 51,70–74.
Novak, M. A., & Suomi, S. J. (1988). Psychological well-being of
primates in captivity. American Psychologist, 43,765–773.
Pepperberg, I. M. (1999). The Alex studies: Cognitive and com-
municative abilities of grey parrots.Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Porter, J. P. (1906). The habits, instincts, and mental powers of
spiders, genera ArgiopeandEperia. American Journal of Psy-
chology, 17,306–357.
Porter, R. H. (1988). The ontogeny of sibling recognition in rodents:
Superfamily Muroidea. Behavior Genetics, 18,483–494.
Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E., & Boysen, S. T. (1990). Inferences
about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104,203–210.
Premack, D. (1971). Language in chimpanzee? Science, 172,
808–822.
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a
theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4,515–526.
Raphelson, A. C. (1980). Psychology at Michigan: The Pillsbury
years, 1897–1947. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sci-
ences, 16,301–312.
Roitblat, H. L. (1987). Introduction to comparative cognition.New
York: Freeman.
Romanes, G. J. (1882). Animal intelligence.New York: Appleton.
Romanes, G. J. (1885).Jelly-fish, star-fish, and sea-urchins.New
York: Appleton.
Rumbaugh, D. M., & Gill, T. V. (1976). Language and the acquisi-
tion of language-type skills by a chimpanzee (Pan).Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences, 270,90–123.
Rumbaugh, D. M., & Pate, J. L. (1984). The evolution of cognition
in primates: A comparative perspective. In H. L. Roitblat, T. G.
Bever, & H. S. Terrace (Eds.), Animal cognition(pp. 569–587).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Murphy, J., Sevcik, R. A., Brakke, K. E.,
Williams, S. L., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993). Language com-
prehension in ape and child. Monographs of the Society for
Research in Child Development, 58(233), 1–256.
Schusterman, R. J., & Krieger, K. (1984). California sea lions are
capable of semantic comprehension. Psychological Record, 34,
3–23.
Shepherd, W. T. (1915). Tests on adaptive intelligence in dogs, and
cats, as compared with adaptive intelligence in rhesus monkeys.
American Journal of Psychology, 26,211–216.
Shettleworth, S. J. (1998). Cognition, evolution, and behavior.
Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Singer, B. (1981). History of the study of animal behaviour. In
D. McFarland (Ed.), The Oxford companion to animal behaviour
(pp. 255–272). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Small, W. S. (1899). Notes on the psychic development of the young
white rat. American Journal of Psychology, 11,80–100.
Small, W. S. (1901). Experimental study of the mental processes of
the rat–II. American Journal of Psychology, 12,206–239.
Stone, C. P. (1943). Multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the
weakest die–Charles Darwin.Psychological Bulletin, 40,1–24.
Suomi, S. J., & Leroy, H. A. (1982). In memoriam: Harry F. Harlow
(1905–1981).American Journal of Primatology, 2,319–342.
Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study
of the associative process in animals.Psychological Review
Monograph Supplement, 2(4), 1–109.
Thorndike, E. L. (1899). A reply to “The nature of animal intelli-
gence and the methods of investigating it.” Psychological
Review, 6,412–420.