Nature - USA (2020-10-15)

Article

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

HoloceneLate Pleistocene

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-39

-36

-33

-30

-27

-24

-21

-18

-15

-12

13

Cdiet

(‰) (V

PDB)

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

HolocenLate Pleistocene e

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-9.6

-8.8

-8.0

-7.2

-6.4

-5.6

-4.8

-4.0

-3.2

18 O (‰) (V

PD

B)

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

HoloceneLate Pleistocene

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-39

-36

-33

-30

-27

-24

-21

-18

-15

-12

13 C

diet

(‰) (V

PDB)

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

HolocenLate Pleistocene e

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

-9.0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-8.4

-7.8

-7.2

-6.6

-6.0

-5.4

-4.8

-4.2

-3.6

-3.0

18

O (‰) (V

PD

B)

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

HoloceneLate Pleistocene

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-30

-28

-26

-24

-22

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

13

Cdiet

(‰) (V

PDB)

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.8

5.1

Time (ka)

Benthic d18O (per mil)

Holocene

Late Pleistocene

Middle Pleistocene Early Pleistocene

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

-9.0

-8.4

-7.8

-7.2

-6.6

-6.0

-5.4

-4.8

-4.2

-3.6

-3.0

18

O (‰) (V

PD

B)

ab

cd

ef

Extended Data Fig. 2 | Temporal trends of δ^13 C and δ^18 O values under
different geochronological scenarios. a, δ^13 C values assuming minimum age
for each site. b, δ^18 O values assuming minimum age for each site. c, δ^13 C values
assuming median age for each site. d, δ^18 O values assuming median age for each

site. e, δ^13 C values assuming maximum age for each site. f, δ^18 O values assuming

maximum age for each site. Each panel is shown relative to the Lisiecki Raymo

benthic oxygen-isotope stack. The 95% confidence interval for each curve was

based on 999 random replicates using resampling of residuals.