Nature - USA (2020-10-15)

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nature research | reporting summary

April 2020

Data

Policy information about availability of data

All manuscripts must include a data availability statement. This statement should provide the following information, where applicable:

• Accession codes, unique identifiers, or web links for publicly available datasets


• A list of figures that have associated raw data


• A description of any restrictions on data availability
  The accession number for gene expression analysis in the paper is available at NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE149897. Raw
  data is associated with Figure 1, Extended Data Figure 1, and Extended Data Figure 5.

Field-specific reporting

Please select the one below that is the best fit for your research. If you are not sure, read the appropriate sections before making your selection.

Life sciences Behavioural & social sciences Ecological, evolutionary & environmental sciences

For a reference copy of the document with all sections, see nature.com/documents/nr-reporting-summary-flat.pdf

Life sciences study design

All studies must disclose on these points even when the disclosure is negative.

Sample size We do not include a justification of sample size for this study. We used the minimum number of animals needed to reliably detect the

expected effect size with an alpha rate set at 0.05 in a standard powered experiment and based on extensive laboratory experience and

literature in the field.

Data exclusions Data were only formally excluded by Grubbs’ outlier test (one instance). For Axion MEA experiments, wells were excluded from the analysis,

based on pre established criteria, if baseline firing rate was <1 HZ or if <16 electrodes were active.

Replication All attempts of replications were successful. Each experiment was reproduced with similar results. Reproducibility has been either indicated in

the Figure Legends, or shown as a quantification.

Randomization For all experiments, animals were randomly assigned to groups.

Blinding Experimenters were blinded during imaging and behavioral experiments. Tissue collections for gene expression and protein analyses were not

performed blind to the conditions of the experiments as genotypes and/or drug treatments were determined beforehand and mice were

selected in order to acquire sufficient n per group. All subsequent sample processing was done blinded.

Reporting for specific materials, systems and methods

We require information from authors about some types of materials, experimental systems and methods used in many studies. Here, indicate whether each material,

system or method listed is relevant to your study. If you are not sure if a list item applies to your research, read the appropriate section before selecting a response.

Materials & experimental systems

n/a Involved in the study

Antibodies

Eukaryotic cell lines

Palaeontology and archaeology

Animals and other organisms

Human research participants

Clinical data

Dual use research of concern

Methods

n/a Involved in the study

ChIP-seq

Flow cytometry

MRI-based neuroimaging

Antibodies

Antibodies used Immunostaining:

Primary antibodies: IBA1 (1:500) Cat#019-19741, Waco; CD11B, clone 5C6 (1:500) Cat#MCA711, Biorad; GFP (1:2000) Cat#ab6556,

Abcam; GFP (1:500) Cat#ab13970, Abcam; NEUN clone A60 (1:500) Cat#MAB377, Millipore; cFOS (1:1000) Cat#ab190289, Abcam;

GFAP clone G-A-5(1:500) G3893, Sigma; OLIG2 clone 1G11(1:500) sc-293163, Santa Cruz; P2RY12 (1:1000) Cat# AS-55043A, AnaSpec;

Secondary antibodies: Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat anti-mouse IgGs (H+L) (1:500, A32723, Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 488-goat

anti-rat IgGs (H+L)(1:500, A-11006, Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 488-goat anti-chicken IgGs (H+L)(1:500, A-11039, Life

Technologies), Alexa Fluor 488-goat anti-rabbit IgGs (H+L) (1:500, Life Technologies, A-11008), Alexa Fluor 568-labeled goat anti-