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from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF#3775) and the National Science
Foundation (OCE-1419323 and OCE-1458967) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NA18NOS4780167).
Author contributions C.D and J.L.P. analysed the data and wrote the paper with input from B.S.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Supplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-
2721-y.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.D.
Peer review information Nature thanks Amanda Bates, Malin Pinsky and Wilco C. E. P. Verberk
for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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