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Acknowledgements We thanks N. Ilott for conceiving and generating Fig. 1 , as well as
M. Friedrich, T. Griseri, S. Leedham, C. Pearson and M. Pohin for their input after reading the
manuscript. This work was supported by the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) grant OPTIMISTICC
(C10674/A27140). A.J. has received support from the Oxford–Medical Research Council
Doctoral Training Partnership (MRC DTP) and the Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research.
E.H.M. is supported by an MRC Experimental Medicine Grant (MR/N02690X/1).
Author contributions A.J. reviewed the literature and designed Figs. 2 and 3. A.J. and E.H.M.
contributed equally to the writing of this manuscript. A.J., F.P. and E.H.M. discussed the
content and edited the manuscript.
Competing interests F.P. discloses the receipt of grants and research support from Roche and
Janssen, and consulting fees from GSK, Genentech and Kintai Therapeutics.
Additional information
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to F.P.
Peer review information Nature thanks Nicola Segata and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s)
for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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