(^52) Michèle Ducket
- On all these questions, see E. Marienstras, Les Mythes Fondateurs de la Nation Améri-
caine, p. 209 et seq., Paris, Maspéro, 1976. - Z. Swift, 'An Oration on Domestic Slavery', 1791, quoted by Marienstras, op. cit.,
p. 257. - Where the English had founded a settlement of free Negroes who had fought during
the War of Independence. - Marienstras, op. cit., p. 267.
- ibid., p. 275.
- Petion, Discours sur la Traite des Noirs, op. cit., Part I, p. 1.
- ibid., Part II, p. 2. (Frossard, Observations sur l'Abolition de la Traite des Nègres,
1793.) - ibid., p. 26-27.
- See Celso Furtado, La Formation Économique du Brésil, de l'Époque Coloniale aux
Temps Modernes, p. 101 et seq., Paris and The Hague, Mouton, 1972. Furtado
points out that between 1827 and 1830, the slave trade increased, since the agree-
ment with England was due to come to an end at that date. There was a further
increase prior to the ceasing of the trade in 1851-52. Between 1800 and 1860,
approximately 300,000 slaves were imported into the United States, most of them
clandestinely since the slave trade had been abolished since 1808 (p. 102, note 33). - See J. Duffy, Portugal in Africa, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1962.
- Comprising the leaders of the Aborigines Protective Society and the British and Foreign
Anti-slavery Society. The missionary, Charles Swan, published The Slavery of
Today, in London in 1909. - J. Suret-Canale, op. cit., Il, p. 87.
- ibid. The 1831 law applied only to sea traffic. It was the first decree in Africa to prohibit
any kind of slave trade. But it was, of course, concerned only with the former
territories of French West Africa. - James Duffy, op. cit., p. 185. Henrique Galvao estimated that 2 million Africans had
been 'expatriated' in this way. - There is, of course, a good deal of controversy on the subject. Suggested reading:
Rev. Joseph Bouchard, L'Église en Afrique Noire, Paris, 1958; G. Goyau, La France
Missionnaire.. ., 2 vols., Paris, 1948; R. Cornevin, Histoire de l'Afrique, 2 vols.,
Paris, Payot, 1966. - Cornevin, op. cit., p. 456.
- The African Slave and its Remedy, 1840. Quoted in M. Merle, L'Anticolonialisme
Européen de Las Casas à Marx, p. 221, Paris, Colin, 1969. - La Restauration de la Traite des Noirs au Natal, 1877. See also Esclavage et Colonisa-
tion, selected texts by V. Schoelcher, by E. Tersen. Preface by Aimé Césaire, Paris,
PUF, 1948. - Karl Marx, Capital, p. 1212, Ed. La Pléiade, I.
- Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, p. 759, New York, International Publishers. The end of
the sentence is a quotation from Aikin, A Description of the Country from Thirty
to Forty Miles round Manchester, London, 1795. - ibid.
- See in Marx and Engels, German Ideology, London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1942, the
harsh criticism of the 'liberal' and individualist thesis of Max Stirmer, author of
Der Einziger und sein Eigetum. - ibid.
- On the specific forms of profit within the slavery system, there are analyses more
precise than those of Marx. For lines of research, see the 'Letter on Slavery',