11. What language are Cisco CML/VIRL topology files
written in?
1. JSON
2. CSV
3. YAML
4. XML
12. What are the two main components of pyATS?
1. pyATS test framework
2. pyATS repo
3. pyATS testbed
4. pyATS libraryFOUNDATION TOPICS
CONTROLLER VERSUS DEVICE-LEVEL
MANAGEMENT
Historically, network devices were managed through
command-line interfaces (CLIs) by using protocols such
as Telnet and Secure Shell (SSH). The network
administrator would connect to the CLI of a network
device using a software client that implements these
protocols and perform the configuration changes needed
for the device to function as expected. On a small- to
medium-sized network, this approach might still work,
but as networks keep growing bigger and more and more
devices become connected, managing networks in a
device-by-device manner becomes time-consuming and
prone to errors. Combine this with the needs for
automation, network programmability, and reductions in
operational costs, and you can see that a new way of
managing networks is needed.
Network controllers are a possible solution to the
challenges of managing networks in a device-by-device
manner. A network controller is a centralized software
platform dedicated to managing the configuration and
operational data of network devices. Controllers take
over the management of network devices, meaning that