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July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 39 lenge Exploration award from the Bill  & Melinda Gates Foundation for its use in detect ...

40 Scientific American, July 2019 STEPH STEVENS 20-gene versions and tested those. Then we narrowed it down to four genes that m ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 41 incoming virus should not be fine at all. Its genes, which have not been reengineered, will ...

42 Scientific American, July 2019 B R KO EN PROMISE S MINING COMPANY RIO TINTO extracts the mineral ilmenite in south- eastern M ...

Mining giant Rio Tinto made a high-profile pledge to improve the ecology of its ilmenite sites in Madagascar in cooperation with ...

44 Scientific American, July 2019 banana-leafed Ravenala trees crowd out the sun, their electric blue seed pods dotting the leaf ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 45 the company’s concession. There were few details yet and no hard benchmarks, but if Rio Tin ...

46 Scientific American, July 2019 Tinto knew it would stand a better chance of securing the requi- site mining permits if it cou ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 47 avoiding these protected areas was not enough—the forests were continuing to degrade from l ...

48 Scientific American, July 2019 aimed at restoring some 675 hectares of forest by the end of the mine’s life in 2065. A family ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 49 spill every single year for 50 years. “The sad truth is that the mining sector finds it ver ...

50 Scientific American, July 2019 ONE SMALL ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 51 LL STEP APOLLO 11 blasts off on its Saturn V rocket. The Kennedy Space Center firing room d ...

52 Scientific American, July 2019 BACK HALF A CENTURY AFTER APOLLO 11, WE REMEMBER HOW WE ACHIEVED THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WHY WE NEE ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 53 PRECEDING PAGES: NASA ( firing room ); ALAMY ( launch ); THIS PAGE: NASA ( Aldrin on lunar ...

54 Scientific American, July 2019 CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: NASA ( Aldrin; lunar module and Armstrong; crewmates ); GETTY IMAGES ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 55 CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: MARIO DE BIASI Getty Images (press corps ); NASA ( Armstrong ); GE ...

TRANQUILITY BASE Passive Seismic Experiment Package Eagle descent stage Laser Ranging Retroreflector TV camera Tracks left by Ne ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 57 When Apollo 11 happened in real time, people back home could follow along with grainy, thou ...

540 600 feet 520 400 330 West Crater Planned landing zone The onboard LPD (Landing Point Desig­ nator) is steering the lander to ...