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300 270 250 (^220200) 120 100 75 Little West Crater Double Crater At mission control, fuel quantity light comes on, indicating a ...

60 Scientific American, July 2019 1969 APOLLO 11 ANNIVERSARY 2019 50 years ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 61 LUNAR L AND GRAB A NEW RACE COULD BE HEATING UP TO CLAIM VALUABLE MOON TERRAIN AMID UNCERTA ...

62 Scientific American, July 2019 Back in the 1960s, it seemed like just a matter of time before humanity would slip the bonds o ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 63 NASA ( 1 ); SAUL LOEB Getty Images (^2 ) tory. India’s Chandrayaan­2 mission, due to launch ...

64 Scientific American, July 2019 energy to solar panels. Astronauts could stage bases here to extract the water sitting conveni ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 65 NASA RISKS AND REWARDS although plans are afoot to grab lunar real estate, extracting resou ...

Pioneer 0 (Able 1) Luna E-1 No. 1 Pioneer 1 (Able 2) Luna E-1 No. 2 Pioneer 2 (Able 3) Luna E-1 No. 3 Pioneer 3 Mechta (Luna 1) ...

Zond 3Luna 7 Luna 8Luna 9 Kosmos 111 Luna 10 Sur veyor 1 Explorer 33 Lunar Orbiter 1 Luna 11 Sur veyor 2Luna 12 Lunar Orbiter 2 ...

1969 APOLLO 11 ANNIVERSARY 2019 50 years ...

Illustration by Ron Miller July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 69 ORIGIN STORY AN ENTIRELY NEW CLASS OF ASTRONOMICAL OBJECT—A SYNE ...

70 Scientific American, July 2019 O n August 1 , 1971 , while exploring the eAstern edge of the lAvA plAin known as Mare Imbrium ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 71 Proto-Earth Proto-Earth Proto-Moon Proto-Moon Proto-Earth core Illustration by Jen Christia ...

72 Scientific American, July 2019 diurnal cycle is linked to the giant impact by a fundamental law of physics, the conservation ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 73 have condensed to droplets of magma that rained down into its interior. The rate of the mag ...

74 Scientific American, July 2019 Photographs by Chris Gunn APOLLO’S BOUNT Y THE LUNAR ROCKS BROUGHT HOME BY APOLLO ASTRONAUTS R ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 75 1969 APOLLO 11 ANNIVERSARY 2019 50 years ...

76 Scientific American, July 2019 I was born too late to witness Apollo 11 , but my life and career as a planetary scientist hav ...

July 2019, ScientificAmerican.com 77 Erica Jawin is a postdoctoral research geologist at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natu ...

78 Scientific American, July 2019 evidence collected during the Apollo program, is that some 4.5  billion years ago, a body abou ...