Thinking Skills: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Index 345

balance of probability, 24

‘begging the question’ flaws, 188–9

Carroll diagrams, 236–7

causal explanations, 25, 137–42

cause-correction fallacy, 76

certainties, 24

charity, principle of, 52, 201

checking answers, 246–7

choices, 123–4, 279–80

circular reasoning, 189

circumstantial evidence, 145

claims, 16, 31, 58, 61

conditional (hypothetical), 25, 251

to fact, 17

judging, 21–6

particular, 26, 71

sources, 150

strong and weak, 25–6, 72

classic fallacies, 75

clauses, 24–5

combinations, 233

complex arguments, 43–8, 52–4

complex claims, 24–5

conclusions, 50–6, 58–9

diffuse, 54–5

implicit, 60–1, 126

intermediate, 43

jumping to, 75, 139

multiple, 52–4

and reasons, 28

conditional claims, 25, 251

conditional statements, 250–1

conditions, 249–52

connectives, 24–5

consequences, 279–82

consequentialism, 292

consequents, 251

context, 196–7

abductive reasoning, 264
ABE (argument to the best explanation), 264
ad hominem arguments, 184
ad ignorantiam arguments, 201
ad populum arguments, 133
algebraic methods, 232–3
alternative explanations, 139–40
analogy, 174–5, 265–7
analysis, 177–81
anecdotal evidence, 71–2
animal intelligence, 2
anomalies, 140–1
answers
checking, 246–7
intermediate, 93
antecedents, 251
approximation, 246
argument indicators, 28
arguments, 8, 28–32
from analogy, 174–5, 265–7
analysis, 38–42
to the best explanation, 264
complex, 43–8, 52–4, 170–5
conclusions, 50–6
counter-arguments, 47–8, 177–81
ethical, 187–8, 291–4
flawed, 70, 73–4
further argument, 191–4
identification, 33–7
reported, 46–7
soundness and validity, 254–61
argumentum ad hominem, 184
argumentum ad ignorantiam, 201
argumentum ad populum, 133
assertions, 16, 63
assumptions, 63–8, 183–4
attitude, 8–9
audience, 8
authors, 8

Index